Scientists Mapped 8000 Galaxies & Made An Amazing Discovery
The more we learn about the universe, the more we realize how little we know about it
Scientists still don’t know how many galaxies there are in the universe, even though most agree that there are about 200,000,000,000,000,000 galaxies in the known universe.
But since we’ve only seen a small part of the universe, this number could go through the roof.
There are at least 400 billion stars in the Milky Way Galaxy, and the number of planets that orbit these stars is unimaginable.
Also, the Milky Way galaxy is 105,000 light-years across and a billion billion billion kilometers across (approximately 621,371,000,000,000,000 miles). In other words, the Milky Way Galaxy is very big, so it will take much better tools and a lot more research to map it.
On the other hand, scientists haven’t done anything. They have already started to figure out the Milky Way’s real plane in space. After getting information from more than 8,000 galaxies near the Milky Way, they have a much better idea of where we are in space.
Astronomers made a map that shows how each Galaxy moves and where it is in space. They found out that our Milky Way galaxy is connected to thousands of other galaxies in a huge system called a supercluster of galaxies.
The Milky Way is part of a huge structure in space called Laniakea. It is 500 million light-years long and has 100 billion billion billion stars spread out over 150 thousand galaxies. Radio telescopes were used to follow the movements of a huge number of nearby galaxies.
The word “laniakea” means “immense heaven” in Hawaiian. It comes from the words “lani,” which means “heaven,” and “kea,” which means “spacious” or “uncountable.” The Laniakea Supercluster has about 100,000 galaxies spread out over 160 megaparsecs, according to the most recent data (520 million light-years).
It is made up of four parts that used to be called separate superclusters:
- The Milky Way is located within the Virgo Supercluster.
- Supercluster Hydra-Centaurus
- Laniakea’s core gravitational point, near Norma, is known as the Great Attractor.
- Hydra Supercluster, also known as Antlia Wall.
- Centaurus Supercluster is a supercluster in the constellation Centaurus.
- Supercluster Pavo-Indus.
- The Fornax Cluster (S373), Dorado, and Eridanus clouds are all part of the Southern Supercluster.
Laniakea is not gravitationally bound, which means it will disperse rather than remain as an overdensity in relation to its surroundings, according to astronomers.
According to astronomers, Laniakea, unlike its constituent clusters, is expected to be blasted apart by dark energy.
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Herb Rose
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‘The more we learn about the universe, the more we realize how little we know’.And yet they still believe what they think they now know is true. Light is a form of energy and will not disappear until absorb by another object.Since stars continue to emit light and most of that light is not transferred to other objects, there are multiple images of the same object traveling through space, all from different times in the stars history. When telescopes collect light they are seeing multiple different images of the same object.
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Howdy
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While I can see where you come from with the multi image thing Herb, I fail to see how it works. If i intercept a laser close up, while another later intercepts it a mile away, it is still the same single beam, just intercepted at different moments in time. Thus the end result is subject to time.
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Herb Rose
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Hi Howdy,
Light does not travel in a straight line but bends and changes velocity as the strength of the electric and energy fields change. Light spreads as the fields grow weaker and concentrates as the fields grow stronger. As the light goes through the universe it is arcing and traveling different distances. It will not stop until absorbed so as a planet like Earth moves through the universe it can intercept light coming from a star coming a short distance and light from that star it emitted from the past that has travelled a greater distance. We could be seeing light from the sun that was emitted not on the horizontal plane long sago when the Earth moves into its path as it arcs through the galaxies at the same time as we see that light coming to us in the horizontal plane.
.Herb
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Howdy
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I get that Herb, which is why we agree that what these people see can not be claimed as reality since it is subject to change, and cannot be corroborated. Is this where your multi-images comes from in that different people see different things based on when they look?
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herb Rose
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Hi Howdy,
I think of the universe as a sphere formed by fields where there is no edge. Think of it as a hall of mirrors where the images don’t fade. If you left and returned at a later time you would not only see your present image but images from your past visit that had not been absorbed.
Herb
Howdy
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“a hall of mirrors where the images don’t fade”
That still makes no sense to me herb. Why do the images not fade?
Leave it at that if you like, I appreciate your trying to illustrate your thinking though.
Herb Rose
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Hi Howdy,
Light is a form of energy so it cannot be created or destroyed only transferred to another object. The frequency, wavelength, (red shift, blue shift) and concentration may change as fields change but until it is absorb and re-radiated as energy from the new object it will remain as it was emitted.
When light enters your eye the lens produces an upside down image on the retina. Your brain corrects the orientation. When you look through a telescope the image passes through 2 lens before reaching your eye. Despite the waves changing directions and orientation the image does not change until your retina absorbs it and converts it to electrical impulse that are sent to your brain.
Herb.
Howdy
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A mirror doesn’t need to absorb energy, light radio waves etc. Any image the mirror had is gone once the source is gone.
Your latest reply doesn’t explain it.
Herb Rose
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Hi Howdy,
Every element, because of its electron structure, emits a set of wavelengths (spectrum) unique to that element. As those wavelengths travel through space the color (red shift, blue shift) may change and the lines may blur after multiple shifts but the pattern remains the same. When that pattern or image appears we know that light was emitted by that element, even though there have been changes. When the light or some of the wavelengths are absorbed by a different element the spectrum changes to a pattern for that element. The image/spectrum is fixed when the light is emitted and continues to travel even though the source has moved or disappeared. With mirrors or lenses there is partial transmission or reflection so images disappear but with light moving through fields of other objects this is not the case and we see those images no matter how far it travels, until it is absorbed. An artillery shell can still destroy something even though the artillery it was fired from has been destroyed.
Herb
Howdy
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You’re not explaining the multi-images Herb, or why images are retained as per your mirror example.
“An artillery shell can still destroy something even though the artillery it was fired from has been destroyed”
Yes, I am aware of that. As you look at a star in the sky, it could have been destroyed long ago, but the light stream continues as you observe the past.
Herb Rose
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Hi Howdy,
In an artillery barrage they use multiple types of artillery. They want all the artillery shells to land at the same time so the long range artillery fires first, then smaller caliber, and finally mortars. All the rounds impact the target area at the same time even though they were fired at different times and travel different distances.
The same happens when light is emitted from a source. Some light goes directly towards the object while other light travels in an arc, travels a greater distance and for a longer time. In snowball fights as a kid we would throw snowballs high into the air to drop on the target. While they were watching that snowball trying to avoid it another snowball would be thrown directly at them.
The light being reflected by multiple mirrors is traveling a greater distance and taking longer to arrive than the light from a mirror directly in front of you, so the image will be older and different.
Herb
(Fixed your e-mail spelling error) SUNMOD
Herb Rose
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Hi Howdy,
With artillery barges guns with different calibers are fired at different times and at different distances so they all arrive on the target at the same time.
In a hall of mirrors you will see your image in a mirror directly in front of you and also images of you from different perspective being reflected by other mirrors. Because the image coming from other mirrors travels a greater distance it will be older and delayed than the image staring back at you. If the mirrors were arranged in a circular path and 100% effective at reflecting light, the image would continue to travel from mirror to mirror until an object moved in front of it and the light was absorbed.
Herb
Howdy
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“while other light travels in an arc”
Why in an arc? This suggests the light would not actually impinge on the viewpoint at all Herb
Herb Rose
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Hi Howdy,
As the fields emitted by an object weaker the image spreads out and when the fields strengthen the image condenses so as the light travels through the universe it is continually changing directions.
As a plane flys overhead if you hold a pane of glass up under it you will see two images of the plane, one in the air one in the glass. Both images come from the plane but the light is following a different path.
As to ghost, I am not talking about spirits but images. In Philadelphia there is a tavern where it is claimed that revolutionary soldiers have been seen marching in the basement oblivious to the surrounding. Those are images not spirits.
Herb
Howdy
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“so as the light travels through the universe it is continually changing directions.”
Doesn’t convince me Herb. The chances of the same image traveling by a different route and still making it to one’s eye seems slim at best.
The plane thing is different as the viewpoint is too close to the observer, and different images in that circumstance is a given.
“Those are images not spirits.”
You can’t know that.
Don’t agree Herb. You are telling me everything I ever saw out of the corner of my eye was a playback of a previous event that happened in the past. None of what you’ve put forward explains that.
Howdy
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I’ll give an example of what I believe you are getting at then I’m done.
I point a torch at a neighbours wall and it is illuminated. I then put my hand in front of the torch 6 inches from the light source. The wall goes dark. Your words tell me that the wall can still be illuminated by the light that ‘bent’ around my hand. Same if I use a mirror, prism or whatever to deflect it, the original light spot will still show, even if it didn’t show at that precise moment in time.
Thanks Herb
Herb Rose
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Hi Howdy,
The universe is spherical, there are no straight lines. You are an object moving in multiple directions that is emitting light and an object moving in multiple directions absorbing the light. How do you get a straight line between two moving points?
Herb
Howdy
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The universe is not spherical and I am not a light emitting object herb, nor moving in multiple directions, other than where the Earth moves me.
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Herb Rose
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Hi Howdy,
Since objects radiate energy in all directions the universe is spherical. You like every other object above absolute zero is radiating energy, in your case infrared light. You are not just moving from the rotation of the Earth and orbit of the Earth but also the solar systems movement in the galaxy, the galaxy’s movement in the sub cluster, and the movement of the sob cluster in the universe.
From your perspective you are stationary and not emitting light but from other perspectives you and the molecules that you contain are moving in multiple directions and emitting many different spectrums of light.
Herb
Howdy
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i know about jittery atoms from my school days. You’re just stating the obvious and expanding on my own comment.
I can’t get any answers from you as you jump to a different tangent every time I comment.
I’m out. Thanks Herb.
Whokoo
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Howdy. Bite him and rip his leg off.
You seem to know things
about electrical appliances. Hobby or training?
Jerry Krause
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Hi Herb,
Howdy just wrote: “If i intercept a laser close up, while another later intercepts it a mile away,” Ask him, if you want, If a laser beam is intercepted, how it can ever to intercepted again?
And you have written to Howdy: “Light does not travel in a straight line but bends”. Which is true, for this observed phenomenon is termed “refraction”.
Have a good day
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Howdy
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“If a laser beam is intercepted, how it can ever to intercepted again”
Jerry, you fell for the obvious, in that an interrupted laser cannot be interrupted again downstream. This is why I added the word “later”, yet you still tripped up.
““Light does not travel in a straight line but bends”. Which is true,”
Wrong again. Light will be bent when affected by an external influence. A beam from a laser does not curve by default. If it did, It would be useless for use as a level finder, cutting guide etc.
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Herb Rose
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Hi Howdy,
A laser is a directional beam of light but you are able to see it even when it is not pointed you because there is some scattering. It is still a wave traveling in fields and depends on those fields. In a dark room shine a laser into a crystal ball and you will see red spots on the walls due to refraction and reflection.
Do you believe people see mirages which are images with no object? Are ghost sightings just the return of images produced at a different time?
Herb
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Howdy
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Doesn’t matter about scattering Herb, it is still a straight shaft of light. Not bent, as Jerry claimed.
I’ve seen a mirage. It’s an optical illusion. Usually due to heat, thus external influence.
Ghost sightings are not explained. One theory I heard that sounds possible, is that it is the persons electrical field, or aura that is still active.
Jerry Krause
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Hi Herb and PSI Readers,
Don’t forget the approximate fact thatthere are Avogadro Number of water molecules in 1.8 cubic centimeters (18 ml) of liquid water.
The number 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Hence, when Richard Feynman began The Feynman Lectures On Physics (Vol.I, 1963) with his statement “all things are made of atoms—little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another.”, he really didn’t grasp how tiny atoms and water molecules actually were and are.
(https://principia-scientific.com/feynmans-blunder-part-1/)
(https://principia-scientific.com/feynmans-blunder-part-2/)
Have a good day
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Tom
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I truly hope that none of the inhabited billions of planets have no beings as dumb as man. That would be very discouraging.
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Squidly
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Well, considering that statistically speaking, humans are most likely the “average”, so there will be others even dumber than humans, sadly. And I know, that’s difficult to imagine.
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Squidly
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They had me up until there. “Dark Energy” is hokum …
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Herb Rose
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Hi Squidly,
Dark energy is the energy radiated by objects that is not associated with matter. Both energy and matter are undetectable unless they interact. We see objects because they ate radiating energy. Energy (whether gravity or magnetism) is the attractive force between object while matter’s electric force keeps objects apart.
Herb
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T. C. Clark
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The Great Attractor is a region in space that our galaxy and other nearby galaxies are moving towards….but not to worry….the expansion of the universe means our galaxy will never reach the Great Attractor.
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Ed
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This is just a foretaste of the power of our infinite God and His Son Jesus Christ who created this world in 7 days by the breath of his mouth and redeemed it by the price of his blood. And it happened here on planet Earth! How special and unsearchable and humbling! Look and behold the Glory of God!
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Val
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There is no evidence of ‘dark energy’, which is a concept put forth due to the proponents lack of information retained/acquired by the more astute astrophysicists about the energetic nature of galactic structure, current sheets and other magnetic phenomena. Because the proponents of dark energy realize something is ‘missing’ (that they don’t see or take into account) they propose DE as a reality, when there is no actual evidence which supports that contention.
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Jerry Krause
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Hi Herb and PSI Readers,,
Howdy just wrote to you (Herb): “Howdy
March 4, 2023 at 7:13 am | #
i know about jittery atoms from my school days. You’re just stating the obvious and expanding on my own comment.I can’t get any answers from you as you jump to a different tangent every time I comment.I’m out. Thanks Herb”
Thank you (Herb) for giving Howdy some of his own medicine. You have been reading what others (both authors and commenters) have written here at PSI for a longer time than I. And at times it seems you understand the SCIENCE we have been discussing better than most and then other times it seems you are an idiot. Which proves you are a free spirit who doesn’t care what others think about what you write. Which was, and is, the purpose of PSI to allow you and me and any others to do..
For I believe that Galileo (who gave us physical science) did state: “I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn’t learn something from him.” And this is another thing we all need to learn from Galileo.
Have a good day
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Howdy
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You just never learn, do you Jerry? You can’t stand the thought that a nobody like me can get one over on you, the ‘learned’ mind.
What a vile, vindictive old man you are. I noticed you didn’t step in to correct me, nor add to Herb’s words at the time. So much for your ‘wisdom’ in these matters, and again, your true master, Galileo speaks, as you have no thoughts of your own. I pity you.
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Howdy
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By learn, I mean the way you constantly try to shoot me down, which results in your own fall. Karmic, so it is. You learn or die.
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Herb Rose
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Hi Jerry,
The question is what happens to the 99.999+% of light that is emitted by the sun which does not impact matter and leaves the solar system? It cannot be destroyed.
Herb
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Jerry Krause
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Hi Herb,
The observed answer to your question “what happens to the 99.999+% of light that is emitted by the sun which does not impact matter” seems obvious. It just keeps going and going like the light that our telescopes intercept light-years after it was emitted; which light when intercepted by our telescopes doesn’t keep going.
Thank you for the question.
Have a good day
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Jerry Krause
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Hi Herb and PSI Readers,
From time to time, often actually, I get discouraged because, first, it seems so few, except for Herb, are paying any attention to what I write. So, I have encourage myself by reading that so few seem to pay any attention to what Galileo wrote at his time. Except to attempt to have him burned at a stake and put our house arrest forbidding to write anything more.
I turn to Weather and Climate by R.C. Sutcliffe (1966) for whose book there is evidence that it was no best seller and was commonly read, for my general unused copy had been withdrawn from the Hibbing MN public library within maybe a decade or two after it was published. So I arrogantly encourage myself by reviewing the fact I am bringing it to the attention of PSI readers like Herb and others, who do comment about what I write, even if it is only to disagree with what I write.
And more and more I am seeing evidence, that I haven’t really understood that which I write, just as I consider that Sutcliffe did not understand what he wrote. An example of this is on 3rd page of his introductory chapter that he wrote: “Meteorology is not a fundamental physical science, that is to say it is not concerned to develop the basic laws of nature …” , and then 35 pages later he wrote: “These results, obtained by Wilson and broadly confirmed by many later experiments, have a very important bearing on natural meteorology, not because supersaturation occurs in the atmosphere but because it does not occur …”. This is a basic law of nature to which he had claimed to not exist 35 pages earlier. And as he just wrote, has “a very important bearing on natural meteorology”.
I will allow any PSI readers ponder the possibility that we do not recognize the fundamental importance of what we may have already observed
Have a good day
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