Is Titan submarine the most daring space mission yet?

Written by Paul Rincon, Science editor, BBC News

Evidence from other planets in our solar system continues to prove hydrocarbons (so called ‘fossil fuels’) are abundant outside earth’s biosphere and are not the product of decayed organic matter. The following BBC article shows this. hydrocarbons on Titan

 Dropping a robotic lander on to the surface of a comet was arguably one of the most audacious space achievements of recent times.

But one concept mission being studied by the US space agency could top even that.

Scientists are proposing to send a robot submarine to the oily seas of Saturn’s moon Titan. The seas are filled not with water, but with hydrocarbons like methane and ethane.

These compounds exist in their liquid state on the moon, where the temperature averages -180C.

The plan is funded by an initiative called Nasa Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC), where researchers are encouraged to think out of the box.

“That’s quite liberating,” says the scientist behind the project, Dr Ralph Lorenz, who is outlining the concept here at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC) in Texas.

“You can take a step back and really let your imagination run riot.”

But Dr Lorenz believes the mission is eminently achievable with the right resources, timing and technology.

Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are now widely used for military purposes, by search teams, in oil exploration and scientific investigation. So existing technologies could be adapted for use on another world.

One of the most striking aspects of the proposal is a plan to deliver the sub in a variant of the US military’s secretive mini-space shuttle, the X-37B.

The sub would fit in the payload bay of the unmanned shuttle, with the stack then launched on a rocket. Once at Titan, the shuttle and its payload would glide down through the moon’s soupy atmosphere.

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The Eclipse

Written by Dr Klaus L.E. Kaiser

Central Europe is about to participate in an interesting experiment, entirely without bureaucratic or political control. Mother Nature wants to test how the solar power panels there work without sunshine.partial eclipse

So, she is planning for a total solar eclipse, starting around 9 am on Friday, March 20, 2015. But that’s not all; there will be a super-moon and spring equinox as well; a rare event indeed.

As always, solar eclipses attract lots of attention from folks from all areas. Some photographers will travel across the globe to get a good shot, school children will be excited, and the electric power system operators are standing by to prevent any calamity. Why so?

Photovoltaic Power

Solar (photovoltaic) power panels are widely used to harness the sun’s radiation and derive electric power from it. Such power panels, as opposed to passive solar energy collectors that simply heat up a fluid, work well when the sun is shining and high up on the firmament, however, not so much at night, on a cloudy day, or during an eclipse.

Having given the solar power producer absolute preference in delivering that energy into the power grid, the big question is if the grid will withstand the sudden withdrawal as well. Of course, every nightfall solar power goes to nil as well, but the total requirement is also much smaller. Not so during the day, when people commute or work in the office and energy-consuming plants are running full steam and so forth.

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First three months of 2015 show fewest U.S. tornadoes in three decades

Written by Thomas Richard, examiner.com

Yesterday, the Daily Caller reported that the Weather Channel’s chief meteorologist, Greg Forbes, said the number of tornadoes so far this year has been 27, with “only four tornado watches” issued, and zero touching ground in March, the fewest in nearly three decades. tornado damage

Unlike hurricane season, there is no official start or end date for tornado seasonWhat is remarkable is that “this is the slowest start to the year, tornado-wise, since the 21 tornadoes were recorded through March 12, 2003.”

February was also statistically important as there were only two tornadoes reported during the entire month. “According to statistics kept by Dr. Forbes, only three other Februaries since 1950 saw two or fewer tornadoes in the U.S.: 2010 (1), 2002 (2) and 1964 (2).”

Greg Carbin, a warning coordination meteorologist at NOAA‘s Storm Prediction Center (SPC), said “only four tornado watches were issued by the SPC for January and February combined.” The last time there were this few tornadoes was in 1985, nearly 30 years ago, when only two tornado watches were required.

So far this year, the SPC has gone 51 continuous days without issuing “either a tornado or severe thunderstorm watch through February 25. This was the longest such watch-less streak since late 1986,” according to Carbin.

The cause of this tornado drought is the “bitter cold, snow and ice” that began in early 2015, mainly affecting the Eastern portion of the United States. Coupled with the lack of moisture moving up from the Gulf Coast, and an altered Jet Stream, you have the perfect ingredients for little to no tornadoes.

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What is Happening with Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide?

Written by Bevan Dockery, Geophysicist

Proof as to what has happened in the Earth’s atmosphere is sitting in the records of the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases. From those verified numbers we can contrast and compare what carbon dioxide (CO2) is actually doing in the atmosphere as opposed to what we are often told by government climate scientists. climate wdc

There are 368 locations on the web site for the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases which each contain files of past atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Taken together with 36 years of satellite temperature measurements these give us a clear insight into what has actually been happening in the Earth’s atmosphere. 
 
Linear regression analysis applied to the historic data has revealed that both the monthly and annual changes in each of the CO2 concentration and the satellite lower tropospheric temperature generate insignificant correlation coefficients with a high probability that the coefficients are zero. An example is the Scripps Institute data from the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii [1]. 
 
The data shows two very clear and inescapable facts:
 
(1) The correlation between the monthly CO2 change and the monthly temperature change was 0.02 with 64{154653b9ea5f83bbbf00f55de12e21cba2da5b4b158a426ee0e27ae0c1b44117} probability that the value could be zero. 
 
(2) The correlation between the annual CO2 change and the annual temperature change was 0.11 with 2{154653b9ea5f83bbbf00f55de12e21cba2da5b4b158a426ee0e27ae0c1b44117} probability that the value could be zero. 

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Prof. Murry Salby presents Control of Atmospheric CO2

Written by PSI staff

Eminent climate expert, Professor Murry Salby, in the wake of his highly-successful visit to Britain in 2014, returns once again to present his latest exposure of the shoddy science of mainstream climate research.  This important event takes place in London, England on March 17th and entrance is free to all. prof salby

With his presentation, ‘Control of Atmospheric CO2’ Salby’s new research applies observed changes of climate and atmospheric tracers to resolve the budget of atmospheric carbon dioxide – an issue misrepresented by many government climate researchers in their eagerness to provide policymakers with ‘proof’ of dangerous climate change.

Professor Salby’s riveting presentation shows clearly to fellow scientists and lay persons that the mechanisms behind the evolution of CO2, including its increase during the 20th century, do not correlate with expectations of man-made global warming.

Dr. Murry Salby, professor and Climate Chair at Macquarie University, Australia, debunks the popular myth that man-made CO2 controls global temperature. Dr. Murry proves from observations the opposite is true: natural changes in global temperature instead control CO2 levels and that man-made emissions do not control either atmospheric CO2 or the climate. 

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Alarmist Phytoplankton Decline Exposed as Sampling Bias: Rising CO2 intensifies blooms

Written by Myles, PSI Researcher & John O'Sullivan

Climate scientists have alleged Phytoplankton decline had hit an astonishing 40 percent. Media hype was built up around the claims of researcher, Daniel Boyce and friends who released a paper seemingly proving a decline over a century long measurement set of chlorophyll levels in the oceans. The paper appeared in Nature. Yet in the very same edition of the journal another study had made contradictory claims. So guess which story the mainstream media ran with?phytoplankton

Boyce’s sensational scientific claims took centre stage – it supported the monotnous global warming narrative still popular in mainstream media.

More or less chlorophyll serves as an indicator of the amount of photosynthesis from phytoplankton that is occurring in bodies of water. In samples chlorophyll being produced during photosynthesis. The alarmist authors assert their findings help prove “global warming.”

The paper titled “Global phytoplankton decline over the past century” is being further contradicted as evidence mounts that it is a hyped scientific scare story from Boyce which runs counter to oceanographic scientific consensus. So let’s look at the facts:

The researchers state…

  These fluctuations are strongly correlated with basin-scale climate indices, whereas long-term declining trends are related to increasing sea surface temperatures.” (Nature; Volume 466)

Contrary Peer-reviewed Study Indicates Sampling Bias

Meanwhile, in another research paper in Nature (Volume 472) titled “A measured look at ocean chlorophyll trends” the authors find that the alleged one percent a year decline alleged by Boyce in phytoplankton biomass over four decades has not occurred. Authors dispute Boyce’s key finding stating that:

Our results indicate that much, if not all, of the century-long decline reported by Boyce et al.1 is attributable to this temporal sampling bias and not to a global decrease in phytoplankton biomass.”

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Equatorial Glaciers?—Yeah!

Written by Dr Klaus L.E. Kaiser

Think equator, the place on earth where each day has 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night, no winter or summer seasons, just a tropical paradise on earth. Except for the higher elevations, where there are glaciers. Yes, real natural ice right there on the ground courtesy of Mother Nature. furtwangler glacier

Equatorial Glaciers

Let’s look at the glaciers near the earth’s equator and you’ll find some on each continent that straddles the equator, i.e. Asia, Africa, and South America. They are:

  • Carstensz Glacier, near the peak of Puncak Jaya, Indonesia, island of New Guinea;04°05’S, 137°11’E; elevation ~4,700 m.
  • Furtwängler Glacier (Mt. Kilimanjaro), Tanzania, Africa; 03°04.3’S, 37°21’E; elev. ~5,700 m.
  • Cayambe Glacier, Ecuador, South America; 0°00’N, 78°00’W; elevation ~5,000 m.

If you want to find them on Google Earth, just copy the bold coordinates (e.g., 04°05’S, 137°11’E) into the search field and it will take you right there. The screenshot (above) is taken from the satellite imagery of the Furtwängler Glacier, as available on Google Earth on Feb. 26, 2015. The information on the bottom of the image (not shown) says “Image © 2015 Digital Globe.”

Of course, climate alarmist prophecies predicted the Furtwängler Glacier to have long disappeared by now. After all, according to Wikipedia, its size was only six hectares in the year 2000. Surely, the additional umpteen ppm of CO2 in the atmosphere since then should have made it disappear entirely by now. What’s the hold-up?

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‘First human’ discovered in Ethiopia

Written by Pallab Ghosh Science correspondent, BBC News

Scientists have unearthed the jawbone of what they claim is one of the very first humans. The 2.8 million-year-old specimen )pictured right) is 400,000 years older than researchers thought that our kind first emerged.  oldest human fossil

The discovery in Ethiopia suggests climate change spurred the transition from tree dweller to upright walker.

The head of the research team told BBC News that the find gives the first insight into “the most important transitions in human evolution”.

Prof Brian Villmoare of the University of Nevada in Las Vegas said the discovery makes a clear link between an iconic 3.2 million-year-old hominin (human-like primate) discovered in the same area in 1974, called “Lucy”.

Could Lucy’s kind – which belonged to the species Australopithecus afarensis – have evolved into the very first primitive humans?

“That’s what we are arguing,” said Prof Villmoare.

But the fossil record between the time period when Lucy and her kin were alive and the emergence of Homo erectus (with its relatively large brain and humanlike body proportions) two million years ago is sparse.

The 2.8 million-year-old lower jawbone was found in the Ledi-Geraru research area, Afar Regional State, by Ethiopian student Chalachew Seyoum. He told BBC News that he was “stunned” when he saw the fossil.

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What Climate Alarmists Don’t Want You Knowing About CO2

Written by E. David Day, Ph.D. (U of A, Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, 1972), MBA, CIE

Man-made global warming is junk science. So say highly-qualified experts from the ‘hard’ sciences. Poorly trained government climate ‘experts’ for too long refused to share their half-baked theories and data about the role of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) with better qualified experts. confused reader

Below are typical well-known and established scientific facts that climate change alarmists would rather keep from you.

  • As part of the “Carbon Cycle”, through photosynthesis, atmospheric carbon dioxide is the sole source of the oxygen that we need to breathe (one molecule of CO2 produces one molecule of O2). 
  • Similarly, through photosynthesis,our entire food supply (animal and vegetable) is dependent upon carbon dioxide.  Needless to say, carbon dioxide is essential to our survival.
  • In Calgary, Alberta, we accommodate “seasonal” temperature changes from, say, +30 C (summer) to -30 C (winter) for a 60 C temperature range, which is due to the Sun.  The +2 C “drift” in “average” global temperatures is attributed, by alarmists, to carbon dioxide (currently 400 ppm, parts-per-million, by volume in the atmosphere). 
  • Carbon dioxide is a much poorer “green house gas” than water vapour (by a factor of ~160, see thermodynamic analysis: http://www.biocab.org/Heat Stored.html).  Water vapour (at 1{154653b9ea5f83bbbf00f55de12e21cba2da5b4b158a426ee0e27ae0c1b44117} or 10,000 ppm, by volume in the atmosphere) is particularly prevalent over the oceans that cover three-quarters of the surface of our planet.
  • A recent publication by NASA suggests that carbon dioxide actually contributes to “Global Cooling”:http://www.naturalnews.com/040448 solar radiation global warming debunked.html
  • There are fossils of palm trees in the high Arctic and evidence of a previous Ice Age that had little to do with the activities of Man.
  • Meaningful, unbiased/objective, “hard” sources of global data regarding sources of carbon dioxide can be difficult to find in a format suitable for comparison purposes. 
  • The site http://www.planetseed.com/relatedarticle/carbon-dioxide-sources provides an excellent list of sources, but ignores the contribution of “natural” forest and grass fires. 

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Scientists FOAMING over a Nickel’s worth of hydrogen

Written by Richard Chirgwin, www.theregister.co.uk

As a power source, hydrogen has a bunch of problems, but at least one of them – the cost of obtaining the gas – might be closer to a solution. nickel foam

Right now, most commercial quantities of hydrogen are derived from ‘fossil fuels’ because electrolysis of water into hydrogen is expensive.

Scientists from the University of NSW reckon that a three-dimensional lattice made from cheap nickel and iron offers a huge boost both in cost and efficiency as an electrode for splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen.

UNSW school of chemistry associate professor Chuan Zhao says the electrode is “inexpensive, sturdy and simple to make, and can potentially be scaled up for industrial application of water splitting.”

Because it’s made of nickel and iron, the electrode is much cheaper than electrolysers that use precious metals, the university says.

The researchers started with a commercial nickel foam, which has roughly 200-micron holes in it, which they then electroplated with a nickel-iron catalyst. That catalyst is highly reactive, which reduces the amount of electricity needed to split water molecules.

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Global warming not to blame for mass starvation of sea lion pups, says NOAA

Written by Thomas Richard, examiner.com

Yesterday it was reported that sea lion pups along the California coast are literally starving to death. According to scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), global warming has nothing to do with it. It’s all part of an El Niño weather pattern that’s wreaking havoc on the food chain supply. sick sea lion

NOAA released figures yesterday showing that since January 1, “more than 1,800 starving sea lion pups have washed up on California beaches since Jan. 1 and 750 are being treated” in marine mammal care centers across the state.

Scientists at NOAA believe the crisis hasn’t reached its peak and expect more sea lions to show up on beaches for at least two more months. Meanwhile, thousands of adult maleCalifornia sea lions are “surging into the Pacific Northwest, crowding onto docks and jetties in coastal communities.”

According to NOAA, the “Channel Islands rookeries where nearly all California sea lions raise their young sit in the middle of the warm expanse. Female sea lions have strong ties to the rookeries. They take foraging trips of a few days at a time before returning to the rookeries to nurse their pups.”

But this warm expanse has risen from 2 to 6 degrees Fahrenheit (when compared to the long-term average), which is not an ideal environment for the sea lion’s diet: fish and squid,including “salmon, hake, Pacific whiting, anchovy, herring, rockfish, lamprey, dogfish, and market squid.” Sea lions will even eat clams.

It’s believed their food source is moving north to cooler waters, forcing the mothers to abandon their pups as they travel further away from the nurseries in search of food, sometimes for over a week. As a result, “the pups aren’t eating as much or as frequently and they are weaning themselves early out of desperation and striking out on their own even though they are underweight and can’t hunt properly.”

NOAA says that a particularly strong weather pattern known as El Niño is to blame, not climate change.

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Was Vanuatu Cyclone Caused by Climate Change?

Written by Dr Klaus L.E. Kaiser

Media hype calls the latest cyclone to hit Pacific island of Vanuatu “worst in history.” But actual scientific evidence shows cyclones have not increased in energy nor is there any evidence of a higher frequency.cyclone vanuatu

The Pacific Ocean is a very large body of water, stretching thousands of miles between the Asian and American continents, and even more miles between Antarctica and the Arctic region. Despite what you see in typical tourist information brochures, it’s not all sand, sunshine, and calm seas.

Across the world, in London, England, The Telegraph reported “Cyclone Pam: Dozens feared dead in Vanuatu in ‘one of worst storms in Pacific history” and “Cyclone Pam: aid workers describe ‘utter devastation’ in Vanuatu” with the picture below and the caption “Local residents walk past debris as a wave breaks nearby in Port Vila, Vanuatu Photo: UNICEF Pacific/ Reuters.”

Looking at the photograph though, I wonder about the media claims of “destruction.” Certainly, neither the young lady nor the man shown in the picture seem to fear for their lives. Rather, it appears to be an “interesting” natural event, worthwhile to watch.

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The Crime, Grime, and CO2

Written by Dr Klaus L.E. Kaiser

How many more skeletons are buried in the mud? Just look at the latest find at the shore of the Thames River in England. (See photo right) river skeleton

What message does this macabre scene convey to you? Obviously something sinister; perhaps it’s evidence of a past accident or even a crime? What’s your first impression?

First Impressions

First impressions are said to be important. Many people go entirely by them; the first impression makes or breaks the connection to the opposite, for good or for bad. Whether you look at a piece of art, watch a play, or meet someone for the first time in your life, your first impression is likely to be re-enforced and substantiated in your mind with later observations.

Well, have another look at the picture – your first impression may need revision, after all. Aren’t the ”leg bones” a bit “skinny,” don’t the “breast bones” look more like rope and isn’t the “skull” rather small? Of course, the answers to these questions are all YES. This is not a picture of a human skeleton at all, just some pipes, rope and a round object.

I think that some clever artist tried to put us on and he/she nearly succeeded! It helps to show that with some grime you can easily create a scene of crime. The question then becomes: what can we learn from that? My first answer is: look past the grime and think china or porcelain.

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The Last Battle of Climate Alarmism?

Written by Dr Vincent Gray

The Environmentalist religious dogma that humans are destroying the earth has spawned many scams. Its most ambitious project, veritably a Superscam has been the claim that the climate is controlled by human emissions of so-called greenhouse gases. the end

These cause global warming which will ultimately destroy us unless we cease using ‘fossil fuels.’ The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up in 1988 in order to supply scientific evidence to support this scam.

It was realised from the start that the task was impossible.

The earth does not have a temperature and there is no way that a scientifically acceptable average temperature can currently be derived. it is not possible to know whether the earth is warming or cooling, Then, the climate is constantly changing. No part is ever in equilibrium.

The trace gases in the atmosphere are not well mixed and their concentrations change constantly in every place. It is not possible to derive an average concentration for any of them. Then, the science of the study of the climate, built up over many centuries as the discipline of meteorology, has officially established weather forecasting services in most countries. These services now measure many climate properties with a variety of instruments, including satellites.

The measurements are used in the most up to date computer models based on currently accepted physics, thermodynamics and statistics. They provide the only scientifically valid daily forecasts of future weather for every part of the earth.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide measurement has not proved to be useful and they do not even bother to measure it. It is simply not possible to overcome these difficulties with honest science, It has therefore been necessary to employ fraud, dishonesty, distortion fabrication, massive public relations, and enormous sums of money.

Jim Hansen of the Goddard Institute of Space Studies in New York provided a pseudo global temperature technique that has proved useful to the scammers. He admits that there is no such thing as an absolute Surface Air Temperature (SAT : He calls it elusive) Meteorologists know it is impossible to measure a plausible average surface air temperature. Instead they record a daily maximum and minimum in a protected screen at their weather stations. Today they often also measure at different intervals as well.

These are a useful guide to temperature conditions.

Hansen and Lebedeff 1987 decided to ignore what Hansen had said was impossible. They assigned a constant temperature to each weather station for a whole month and assumed that this temperature applies also to a radius of 100 km around each weather station. The chosen temperature was the total average maximum and minimum temperatures measured at that station for a each month, the sum of the statistically unacceptable maximum/minimum averages.
 
They considered that could correlate each station figure with the next weather station. But their correlation coefficient was only 0.5 or lower. By subtractimg the average from stations in all latitude/longitude boxes from the average in each box they got an annual global temperature anomaly record. There is no mention of the very large inaccuracy figures that should accompany this exercise, or of the varying number and quality of the global weather stations, both currently and over time.
 
The IPCC has used the supposed trend of a measly few decimals of a degree of this concoction to prove that global warming is happening and will inevitably rise dangerously. Now it has broken down.

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LHC restart: ‘We want to break physics’

Written by Jonathan Webb Science reporter, BBC News

As the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) gears up for its revamped second run, hurling particles together with more energy than ever before, physicists there are impatient. They want this next round of collisions to shake their discipline to its core. LHC

“I can’t wait for the switch-on. We’ve been waiting since January 2013 to have our proton beams back,” says Tara Shears, a particle physics professor from the University of Liverpool.

Prof Shears is raising her voice over the occasional noise of fork-lift trucks and tools, as well as the constant hum of the huge experimental apparatus behind her: LHCb, one of four collision points spaced around the LHC’s 27km circumference.

All this noise reverberates because we are perched at the side of an imposing cavern, 30 storeys beneath the French-Swiss border.

The other three experiments – Atlas, CMS and Alice – occupy similar halls, buried elsewhere on this famous circular pipeline.

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Aussie Politicians Pressured to come Clean on Climate Fraud

Written by Dr Judy Ryan

As of March this year the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) is under investigation for possible maladjustment of its data by an Independent Advisory Forum. The BoM scientists  say they follow Worlds Best Practice, but all over the world Meteorological Agencies are coming under scrutiny. BoM

The world will be watching Australia. The public submission by Drs Judy Ryan and Marjorie Curtis to the Minister for the Environment Greg Hunt and the Technical Advisory Forum sets out the historical context which facilitated what the evidence is suggesting is a politically driven global scam.

Their submission emailed on 4th March 2015 was CC’d to more than 360 national and international media, political and other interested entities. It was BCC’d to many more. They find that the public email is a powerful tool and encourage others all over the world to use it.

 
Their letter is as follows:

Dear Minister Greg Hunt,

We are writing to thank you for organising an independent investigation of the Bureau of Meteorology’s data management practices.  We trust that you have received good advice and chosen independent and objective scientists and statisticians to be members of the Technical   Advisory Forum.

We have been very concerned about the advice you are receiving ever since we heard you stating publicly that you rely mainly on the advice from the CSIRO and the BoM.

Unfortunately, as the evidence indicates, scientific integrity in Australia’s once iconic institutions, such as the Bureau of Meteorology, (BoM) and our Universities has disintegrated.  The scientific ‘peer review’ has also collapsed.   For that reason we reference this document to robust evidence based internet sites. This includes Wikipedia, which in the discipline of climatology, is more robust. 

The evidence also indicates that the  human caused Global Warming hypothesis and its associated demonisation of carbon dioxide is a global scam.  It is driven by the desire for power by politicians, and money and prestige for the funded climate scientists.

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