Last Ice Age, Fires Raged As Summer Temps Were 3-4C Warmer
A new study finds that 26 to 19 thousand years ago, with CO2 concentrations as low as 180 ppm, fire activity was [10 times more common] than today near the southern tip of Africa – mostly because summer temperatures were 3-4°C warmer. We usually assume the last glacial maximum – the peak of the last ice age – was significantly colder than it is today.
But evidence has been uncovered that wild horses fed on exposed grass year-round in the Arctic, Alaska’s North Slope, about 20,000 to 17,000 years ago, when CO2 concentrations were at their lowest and yet “summer temperatures were higher here than they are today” (Kuzmina et al., 2019).
Horses had a “substantial dietary volume” of dried grasses year-round, even in winter at this time, but the Arctic is currently “no place for horses” because there is too little for them to eat, and the food there is “deeply buried by snow” (Guthrie and Stoker, 1990).
In a new study (Kraaij et al., 2020) find evidence that “the number of days per annum with high or higher fire danger scores was almost an order of magnitude larger during the LGM [last glacial maximum, 19-26 ka BP] than under contemporary conditions” near Africa’s southernmost tip, and that “daily maximum temperatures were 3-4°C higher than present in summer (and 2-4°C lower than present in winter), which would have contributed to the high severity of fire weather during LGM summers.”
Neither conclusion – that surface temperatures would be warmer or that fires would be more common – would seem to be consistent with the position that CO2 variations drive climate or heavily contribute to fire patterns.
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Alan
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Could it be that lower CO2 may result in more dad plants, raising the fire risk?
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Koen Vogel
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The last woolly mammoths reportedly died 4000 years ago on Wrangel Island, just across the Chukchi Sea from Alaska (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrangel_Island), and above the Arctic Circle. The plains of northeastern Siberia were able to support large herds of mammoths during the last ice age. Clearly a fairly benign climate existed in these regions while large parts of Europe and North America were considerably colder.
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Koen Vogel
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If during the last Ice Age the North Magnetic Pole was located near the Lyakhovsky Islands – as has often been the case in the geologic past (http://www.mapreading.co.uk/blog/the_magnetic_north_pole.aspx) – then geomagnetic induction heating (https://principia-scientific.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/vogel-prom-paper.pdf) of the Beaufort Gyre arctic ocean current could have caused a fairly benign climate conditions in Alaska and Wrangel. It’s hard to contemplate any other natural process getting the job done, as solar irradiation has (and had) a high angle of incidence, and therefore can be ruled out.
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