Comparing Natural Covid immunity to vaccine-induced immunity
Reports of waning vaccine-induced immunity against COVID-19 have begun to surface. With that, the comparable long-term protection conferred by previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study comparing three groups: (1)SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals who received a two-dose regimen of the BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine, (2)previously infected individuals who have not been vaccinated, and (3)previously infected and single dose vaccinated individuals.
Three multivariate logistic regression models were applied.
In all models we evaluated four outcomes: SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic disease, COVID-19-related hospitalization and death. The follow-up period of June 1 to August 14, 2021, when the Delta variant was dominant in Israel.
Results
SARS-CoV-2-naïve vaccinees had a 13.06-fold (95 percent CI, 8.08 to 21.11) increased risk for breakthrough infection with the Delta variant compared to those previously infected, when the first event (infection or vaccination) occurred during January and February of 2021.
The increased risk was significant (P<0.001) for symptomatic disease as well.
When allowing the infection to occur at any time before vaccination (from March 2020 to February 2021), evidence of waning natural immunity was demonstrated, though SARS-CoV-2 naïve vaccinees had a 5.96-fold (95 percent CI, 4.85 to 7.33) increased risk for breakthrough infection and a 7.13-fold (95 percent CI, 5.51 to 9.21) increased risk for symptomatic disease.
SARS-CoV-2-naïve vaccinees were also at a greater risk for COVID-19-related-hospitalizations compared to those that were previously infected.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that natural immunity confers longer lasting and stronger protection against infection, symptomatic disease and hospitalization caused by the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, compared to the BNT162b2 two-dose vaccine-induced immunity.
Individuals who were both previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and given a single dose of the vaccine gained additional protection against the Delta variant.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Funding Statement
There was no external funding for the project.
Author Declarations
I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.
Yes
The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:
This study was approved by the MHS (Maccabi Healthcare Services) Institutional Review Board (IRB). Due to the retrospective design of the study, informed consent was waived by the IRB, and all identifying details of the participants were removed before computational analysis.
All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.
Yes
I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).
Yes
I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.
Yes
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slandermen
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“Conclusions
This study demonstrated that natural immunity confers longer lasting and stronger protection against infection, symptomatic disease and hospitalization caused by the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, compared to the BNT162b2 two-dose vaccine-induced immunity.”
Let me rephrase that for them, coz they’re retarded. If you get the vaccine, you are toxified by the vaccine. Naturally, not being toxified would yield better results.
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very old white guy
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How about someone tells the truth. THERE IS NO VACCINE INCUCED IMMUNITY, ZIP, ZERO, NADA. It is still a freaking flu virus in spite of the corona appellation. The world really has lost the ability to think. That of course is incorrect. The people of the world have lost their ability to think.
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slandermen
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“How about someone tells the truth. THERE IS NO VACCINE INCUCED IMMUNITY, ZIP, ZERO, NADA. It is still a freaking flu virus in spite of the corona appellation.”
You can say that again. And again. Over and over. Coz flu is just as fraudulent as covid, and interchangeable, basically.
“Flu” vaccines worsen/increase “coronavirus” prevalence. Also increases “flu” virus, btw. Funny stuff that. “Coronavirus” vaccines worsen/increase other virus prevalence…gee…considering these “viruses” are all generalized demonizations of your genetical material, cannot function as claimed, are synthetic constructs, used by a profiteering industry that peddles toxins as medicine….yeah…you go believe in that flu.
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slandermen
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Obvious reminder. Vitamin D (as one factor of many) regulates genetic material. Regardless of the implicated “virus”, vitamin D deficiency is associated with the symptoms associated with all those “viruses” AND related to the prevalence of those “viruses”, prophylactically useful and as subsequent treatment. Almost as if it implicated deficiency. There’s also the fact that you never get immunity to those RTI symptoms and various viruses, regardless of how much supposed “viral” exposure.
Think about it, you already had yearly influenza vaccines peddled at you. Covid is simply a rebranded continuation, reliant on your belief in that fundamental fraud of using unnecessary toxins, being massively ignorant, to the extent that contagion is unproven, isolation doesn’t exist and, btw, you induce “viral load” with toxicity.
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judy Ryan
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The PCR test responds positive to antibodies to the common cold. Therefore they could be vaccinating people who don’t need to be vaccinated. Any away, locked away in my home in the penal colony of Australia . I will continue to decline testing. I will refuse vaccination even though I am being ostracised by the virtuous vaccinated ones. Some of them are supposedly my friends. They recognise the climate-change scam. but they cannot recognise this scam yet.
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Doug Harrison
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Keep your chin up Judy we still outnumber the control freaks by hundreds to one,
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Artelia
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Instead of being the dissed lepers, so maltreated and cursed by the jabbed, following their priest experts of their religion, we should become angry, not raging angry but angry with a righteous anger. With that in us, we should point, in a reasonably calm manner, that their collusion with the deception is harming THEM and harming us. We must point out that we do truly care about their health, advise them, possibly with printed out leaflets we have made and asserting that we do care about their health, beseech them not to allow themselves to be taken in. On the leaflet as swell as the vit D3 quercetin and zinc, we can add that if they do get covid and seek medical help, they must ask for Budesonide for the cytokine storm in the lungs, in a nebulizer and Ivermectin to treat the covid. We can also for a few others from our close neighbours, colleagues, family and closer friends, the vitamin D3 with vitamin K, the zinc and quercetin. Perhaps we could even give them one weight appropriate dose of Ivermectin, the Stromectol or the generic Iverheal or another generic Ivermectin. We can show it to them and put into a nice envelop with a little card and tell them to open it if they think they have the covid but not to delay it too much. They can even take if they have been to a big concert or with someone with bad covid and they think they have a fairly good chance of being infected. Put some cling wrap over the tablet(s) and sellotape to the card. Send an appropriate message and maybe your contact details if they need some help. That will do a lot of good.
Club together with others and buy a hundred Ivermectin online.
Inviting others for dinner could be an excellent way for covid to be discussed and thought about. Rather than forcing your views down everyone’s throats, ask them about what they most dislike, what measures they disagree with and get a discussion going. Then you can have your say as part of a discussion instead of a lecture. Print out leaflets.
Iodine or H2O2, added to a home plug in nebulizer will KILL covid in the lungs. one drop of Lugols iodine upto 7% strength or two drops of H2O2, hydrogen peroxide of 12%, added to the normal 5ml saline sachets. Steam and essential oils or vick or olbas oil all are good.
A towel over the head and breathing in steam from a bowl of hot water. Nasal sprays with 1% H2O2 or with a few drops of iodine are very good too. Essential oils that may help are eucaplyptus, marjoram, oregano, peppermint, thyme, lemon, clove lavender, cinnamon.
Tell them NOT to use Paracetamol, acetaminophen OR ibuprofen. The only over the counter one they can use should be Aspirin, it would be better but if early on and there is a fever, it may dampen down the immune response too early.
Herbs to take to help the fever to work out include YARROW, make with hot water, steep, strain and drink. This is very good and helps with fever and even where the person is very hot and dry without a sweat, very effectively. A hot water bottle and keeping warm helps to bring the sweat out and get rid of covid. Honey a desert spoon of it and lemon in hot water really does help. The lemon should have juice and some of the peel. Use upto half a lemon to a large mug.
Apples and stewed apples, maybe with custard. Apple has fibre to help to clear the toxins.
One needs home-nursing skills. Vicks vapour rub is good. Breathing out is good and ventilation.
Good luck, please take notes from this.
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