What’s That in Your Vaccine? The Rise of the Xenobots!
‘There’s plenty of room at the bottom’, wrote Richard Feynman three days after I was born in 1959. In his talk to the American Physical Society, he considered the future development, not only of mass data storage, but also the development of nano-scale machines which could be used to manipulate single atoms. Synthetic chemistry if you like.
A month or so ago, I was intending to write an article on the use of nano technology which could enable workable electronics to be embedded into human cells. This was inspired by alternative media ideas of ‘smart dust’ and nano technology in the much-awaited SARS-CoV2 vaccine.
After a few days of research, I gave up on the idea. Not because nano machines don’t exist. They do. Although things work much better at the slightly larger scale of micro machines. At the nanometre level things can get bogged down with quantum effects and Van der Waals forces.
The whole point of such machines would be to communicate and manipulate data or deliver some targeted chemical which could be used for gene manipulation to modify the citizen’s behaviour or lifespan or simply just to remove tumours. All in all, an expensive and cumbersome task.
Psychological control is much easier than mere technology to control an unruly population which has the temerity to think for itself. Just look at the percentage of shoppers wearing a face mask at your local supermarket for proof of that.
There is no doubt that the Powers that Be consider a ‘sustainable’ population would be a significantly lower number than even we would even dare to guess at. They are, after all, nothing less than murderous psychopaths, but even that reduction in numbers could not be arrived at within any short space of time. Covid has been nothing more than a fart in the wind in terms of human death. So much for the zombie apocalypse.
If monitoring and controlling the citizenry is the aim, which it undoubtedly is for the World Economic Forum, the Feynman’s ‘Room at the Bottom’, should be reversed to ‘Room at the top’.
Nearly half of the world own ‘smart’ phones. For the other half that don’t, the Powers that Be don’t give a damn. They have no purchasing power.
The smartphone is your entry to the new digital world. If you use Android you are already hooked into the world run by Google. Similarly, for the iPhone. The data companies, Amazon, Netflix, Disney, know with a great deal of accuracy, where you are, what you are doing, what your pet’s name is, who your bets friends are, whether you will vote Labour or Conservative, where you will be tomorrow at 3p.m., what you eat for breakfast and if you are cheating on your wife/husband. That is, everything about you is known or can be known if they want to.
From your smartphone.
So where do Xenobots come in, how do they relate to smart dust and just what are they?
PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America) published this paper January 13, 2020: A scalable pipeline for designing reconfigurable organisms.
This is the abstract from the paper:
“Living systems are more robust, diverse, complex, and supportive of human life than any technology yet created. However, our ability to create novel lifeforms is currently limited to varying existing organisms or bioengineering organoids in vitro. Here we show a scalable pipeline for creating functional novel lifeforms: AI methods automatically design diverse candidate lifeforms in silico to perform some desired function, and transferable designs are then created using a cell-based construction toolkit to realize living systems with the predicted behaviours. Although some steps in this pipeline still require manual intervention, complete automation in future would pave the way to designing and deploying unique, bespoke living systems for a wide range of functions.”
So, what does this mean?
The goal is to design a living organism with a specific function which will behave in the real world to “determine whether or how well behaviours (are) transferred from silico to vivo”.
What this means in simpler terms, is that a goal such as being able to move independently is defined and processed through an evolutionary algorithm (basically machine learning) from a few simple building blocks (the authors call them voxels, which is a 3d pixel) and arrives at designs which best fit that goal.
The computer designs are translated into living designs from the tissues of pluripotent stem cells from the blastula stage Xenopus laevis.
Pluripotent in this case means : Relating to or being a cell that is capable of differentiating into cells of any type of tissue except placental tissue.
Blastula in this case means: Embryonic development begins with a sperm fertilizing an egg cell to become a zygote, which undergoes many cleavages to develop into a ball of cells called a morula. Only when the blastocoel is formed does the early embryo become a blastula.
Xenopus laevis is: The African Clawed frog. Hence the name, Xenobots.
The creation of the new organism is shaped manually by
“by subtraction using a combination of microsurgery forceps and a13-μm wire tip cautery electrode, producing a biological approxi-mation of the simulated design. Further, contractile tissue can belayered into the organism through the harvesting and embeddingofXenopuscardiac progenitor cells, an embryonically derived celltype which naturally develops into cardiomyocytes (heart muscle) and produces contractile waves at specific locations in the re-sultant shaped form ”
So, from frog stem cells which are manipulated to conform into a computer designed form and using cardiac rhythms to perform movement, a biological nano machine is created.
There is no doubt that this is a remarkable achievement by the authors of the paper. It can be at worst said that it is proof of concept.
What I find remarkable is this excerpt from the paper:
“The lifeforms presented here, despite lacking nervous systems, following novel developmental trajectories, and being composed of materials from different tissues, nevertheless possess these self-organizing properties. These properties synergize with and support the behaviour they were designed to exhibit. For instance, although signalling between cardiomyocytes was not enforced, emergent spontaneous co-ordination among the cardiac muscle cells produced coherent, phase-matched contractions which aided locomotion in the physically realized designs. Also, some of the designs, when combined, spontaneously and collectively aggregate detritus littered within their shared environment ….Finally, reconfigurable organisms not only self-maintain their externally imposed configuration, but they also self-repair in the face of damage, such as automatically closing lacerations …… Such spontaneous behaviour cannot be expected from machines built with artificial materials unless that behaviour was explicitly selected for during the design process”
The Xenobots inspire much admiration in the science involved in their creation but also lead to questions, as do much of the ‘new’ biological sciences, fundamental questions on ethics.
The study itself was funded by DARPA but the uses for the new technology are, of course listed as the usual suspects: regenerative medicine, radioactive waste cleanup, scraping plaque from arteries etc. etc.
Smart dust is, in my opinion, not worth the bother as far as it can be used in biology. It would be expensive to manufacture and require significant electronic advances.
Xenobots? Well, what’s your opinion?
References:
A scalable pipeline for designing reconfigurable organisms. Sam Kriegmana, Douglas Blackistonb, Michael Levinb, and Josh Bongard
Science Times Apr-3-2020 Staff Reporter
Wikipedia Xenobot
About the author: Graeme McMillan graduated with Honours from Edinburgh University (Politics, Philosophy and Economics) then gained further qualifications in Business Analysis, Project management, Statistics and Programming. He has had a long career in the UK mining industry in mine planning, geological modelling and computer systems management and programming. He then moved to the metals and minerals sector developing simulation modelling of materials handling (scrap, slag, semi-finished and finished products) as well as financial modelling of large mining and steel plant projects. Latterly, he ran his company’s Middle East and North African division. Graeme is now retired.
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