In the kitchen, eggs and ice don’t mix too well but in map-making they do; more specifically in preparing charts of ice coverage, commonly also known as “egg charts.”

Ice on Lakes

In areas with extended periods of cold weather, the surface of lakes tends to freeze over at such times. Then people will venture out onto the ice as if it were solid rock. For many communities in the far north the only way to bring in supplies of large and heavy items is via winter ice roads across the many frozen lakes as there are no access roads over land.

Even with ice a few feet thick, a heavy 18-wheel truck will add enough weight to depress the ice at its location when crossing a frozen-over lake. As a result, such trucks are constantly going uphill then.

The main question though is whether the ice is strong enough to support the additional local weight. Of course, that depends both on the thickness and firmness of the ice, and applies equally to a man walking or a truck driving across it.

For these and other reasons, knowledge of ice coverage and its properties at any given time can be critical. Ice “egg charts” help to provide that information in a simple manner.

Egg Charts

Egg charts provide detailed information on ice coverage, ice thickness, density, strength and current trends. Such charts have been used for decades and are provided, free of charge, by various government agencies including the U.S. National Ice Center and Environment Canada for the Great Lakes and other areas with significant seasonal ice coverage.

A recent egg chart is given below. It shows the eastern Great Lakes, including the Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario as well as parts of the St. Lawrence River and connecting waterways.

As you can see, at the date (Jan. 30, 2014) Lake Erie (at the bottom of the chart) is covered with ice at 9/10^th or higher throughout and Lake Huron with Georgian Bay (top of chart) by well over 50{154653b9ea5f83bbbf00f55de12e21cba2da5b4b158a426ee0e27ae0c1b44117} of its entire area. In contrast, the deep Lake Ontario (on the right) is essentially still free of ice except for its shallower near-shore areas.

While the colors in this graph indicate the major sub-areas and their ice cover are easy to read, the numerous “eggs” spread along the sides give detailed information on the exact state of the ice in each area. They provide more in-depth information on the details of ice strength and cohesion. The grey areas indicate “fast ice” that is a solid uninterrupted ice cover attached to land.

The Egg Code

The egg code is a standardized representation of the ice in various parts of the Great Lakes as well as sea-ice in the Arctic and Antarctic, though it is somewhat different for the sea-ice.

As ever more scientists affirm Earth is now into a natural cooling cycle, some mainstream media outlets are still stuck on the discredited imaginary man-made global warming narrative. In response to reader request, we outline below the scientific evidence in an open letter intended for those ill-informed journalists. Feel free to share.

You may have noticed, the media is reporting a steady stream of “new science” that turns everything you knew topsy-turvy. What was known to be good for you is suddenly touted as bad and vice-versa. The latest news is just one of many examples of that kind and this one involves anti-oxidants.

Anti-Oxidants

Anti-oxidants (AOs) is a term for a variety of substances (dare I say the word chemicals) which occur naturally in most plants and so are a part of our daily food.  AOs include vitamins like Vitamin C (VC) which has long been recognized as a vital (therefore the term “vitamin”) food ingredient to keep you healthy.

VC was the first of such substances to be discovered, though not recognized at the time. The prevention of scurvy by eating fresh fruits and vegetables was described more than 2,000 years ago by Hippocrates (c. 460 BC–c. 380 BC). The British navy “re-discovered” it in the 18th century and modern science found ways to make it synthetically from natural sugars.

Other important anti-oxidants are carotene type compounds found in most veggies and fruits. In fact, the term carotene is derived from the name of the vegetable plant carrot. So, what’s the new science on anti-oxidants about then?

There is likely no life learning experience as instructive as a Near Death Experience. When the NDE involves an uncommon encounter with the unseen power of a common, everyday occurrence, CLOUDS. Seen from afar, cumulus clouds are benign giant puffs of cotton balls floating across the sky. While you can notice slight changes in shape, you have no real understanding of the real forces at work within.

For several years, I have been joined by the world’s top scientists in an effort to expose Carbon Climate Forcing as the worst science in history. We have employed the full range of scientific arguments, and yet the myth persists, that Carbon Dioxide and it’s accomplice, water vapor, WARM the Earth. There is nothing like first-hand experience to dispel a myth.

Just released in the Journal of Geophysical Research is an article on the “ground breaking report on clouds causing cooling” [1]. After arguing just this point in dozens of articles over the last several years, it is time to share my personal anecdote on the behavior of water vapor INSIDE of a cloud.

Vincent Gray’s recent contribution on ‘The Scientific Method’ prompts me to respond with an extended set of points on Karl Popper’s ideas. My first article for PSI addressing Popper’s work is found here.

It is refreshing to see reference to the work of Peter Medawar who seems to be neglected by today’s commentators on science including climate science. He has much to say of sound common sense and in my view climate scientists and their fellow travelers (on all sides) would do well to try to take from his writings something of his spirit and humanity.

It is good also to see emphasis on the lessons Karl Popper teaches us but again on Principia Scientific, important parts of his ideas are poorly presented and I feel it is important to keep making points of argument which at first sight may appear pedantic but which, in fact, are pivotal to a proper understanding of Popper’s philosophy and to a proper appreciation of how the empirical science should be conducted.

Vincent presents a set of diagrams that illustrate what he calls the ‘methods approved by Popper”. In fact Popper, to my knowledge, made no such approval and was most clear that for him there was no scientific method. He did prescribe the method of conjecture and refutation as the way to eliminate error.

The burning of the journal Pattern Recognition in Physics is just the last of a long series of actions to suppress not only the scientific freedoms and the academic independence, but even the simple freedom of speech. Because of one inconveniently true sentence in one paper commenting how the lack of measured warming is casting “doubt” on “the continued, even accelerated, warming as claimed by the IPCC project” all the journal has been terminated by the publisher.

The only truth about global warming is that there has been no measured warming over the last 16 years in the global air temperature of the land and the sea surface, the same global air temperature over the last century has been more naturally oscillating than following the carbon dioxide emission, there has been no warming and no change of salinity of the oceans 0 to 2000 metres depth over the first 10 years these parameters have been measured.

At least one type of “sixth sense” isn’t real, new research suggests. The new study, detailed Monday (Jan. 13) in the journal PLOS ONE, found that what people perceive as a sixth sense may simply be their vision systems detecting changes they can’t articulate.

“People can sense things that they believe they cannot see,” such as changes in a person’s appearance, said study co-author Piers Howe, a vision scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia. “But this isn’t anything magical or a sixth sense; this can be explained in terms of known visual processing.”

Sixth sense?

Most Americans believe in the supernatural. In fact, one survey found that almost one-third of people believe in extrasensory perception and more than two-thirds reported a paranormal experience. [Teleportation, ESP & Time Travel: 10 Tales of Superpowers]

While a few scientific studies have hinted that people can sense the future just before it happens, follow-up studies concluded these results were artifacts of statistics or flawed study design.

Howe’s interest was piqued when a student came to him claiming she had a quasi-magical sixth sense.

“She claimed that she could sense things that she couldn’t see,” such as when a friend was recently in an accident, Howe told LiveScience.

Howe was skeptical, so he and University of Melbourne psychology graduate student Margaret Webb decided to test this sense.

As an ever-increasing number of independent scientists and researchers are coming forward to question some of the entrenched beliefs of consensus science, some leading thinkers are gathering in Austria to discuss the hottest issues.

Among the speakers is Stephen J Crothers who will be giving an address on ‘Black Holes and Big Bangs – a Fantastic Voyage.’

Abstract: Black holes are ubiquitous. They are now both invisible and visible. Quasars are black holes; so are the “blazars”. There are black hole binary systems, including ultra-quantum luminous x-ray sources. Individual black holes are also x-ray sources. It is claimed that each galaxy harbours a supermassive black hole at its centre, along with other black holes dispersed throughout them. Wormholes are said to be two quantum-entangled black holes. All these black holes supposedly exist in an expanding big bang universe. However, black hole universes are inconsistent with big bang universes. All alleged black hole universes are spatially infinite, eternal, contain only one mass, are not expanding and are asymptotically flat or asymptotically curved. But the alleged big bang universes are either spatially finite (one case) or spatially infinite (two different cases), of finite age, contain radiation and many masses (including multiple black holes, some of which are “primordial”), are expanding and are not asymptotically anything. Thus the black hole and the big bang contradict one another – they are mutually exclusive by their very definitions.

Antarctic sea ice extent continues to break records. Extent at 31st January, of 4.540 million sq km, beat the previous record set in 2008. This is 26{154653b9ea5f83bbbf00f55de12e21cba2da5b4b158a426ee0e27ae0c1b44117} higher than the climatological average for this date of 3.598 million sq km.

(Source: http://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index/index.htmlhttp://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index/index.html )

Global Warming was just one issue The Club of Rome (TCOR) targeted in its campaign to reduce world population. In 1993 the Club’s co-founder, Alexander King with Bertrand Schneider wrote The First Global Revolution stating,

All life on earth depends on CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere. Its concentration is currently around 400 ppm (parts per million) or 0.04{154653b9ea5f83bbbf00f55de12e21cba2da5b4b158a426ee0e27ae0c1b44117}. Life would cease to exist if the CO2 level were to drop to half of that. At 200 ppm, the partial pressure of CO2 in the atmosphere would be too small for most plants to take up the CO2 and convert it to plant matter.

But isn’t the government telling you that CO2 is just about the greatest villain of modern times?  Isn’t it true that CO2 is near the “tipping point” of causing runaway “climate change?”

Natural CO2

The earth has had CO2 in its atmosphere forever. In fact, many million years ago, its level was much higher; ten to 100 times higher than now. All that natural CO2 came from volcanoes and smaller volcanic vents all over the globe. Of course, nature has not stopped producing that, not at all. At any time, a couple of dozen volcanoes are really active somewhere around the world, but even when they are “dormant” many emit massive amounts of volcanic gases all the time. That’s where all the natural CO2 in our atmosphere has come from ever since the earth was created.

European Court of Justice condemns EPAW

Armed groups have more rights than wind farm victims

Higher carbon dioxide levels are coming from undeveloped countries in equatorial Africa and South America not from UK, EU and US, shows Japanese government satellite data.  Japan abandons its CO2 targets as separate scientific evidence suggests Earth is fast approaching a new ice age.

Japanese climate satellite data supports climate realist Professor Murry Salby in rejecting global warming theory; humans are not responsible for measured increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) affirm evidence in Report from Japanese Aerospace exploration agency (JAXA).The Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has revealed that its climate satellite IBUKI data shows that the growth in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is coming from third world under developed forested equatorial regions of Africa and South America. 

The Japanese satellite maps show that the asphalt and concreted industrial nations are “mopping up” carbon dioxide faster than their manufacturers and consumers can emit it.  Astonishingly, this is the opposite to what is being relayed to the public from an unswerving alarmist climate media lobby.  The JAXA evidence shows that US and western european nations are areas where the carbon dioxide levels are lowest! 

To all our loyal members, thanks for your support throughout 2013. But now we are well into a new year and new challenges, so once again, we need new money.

We ask you, our generous friends and supporters, to make a small donation to keep Principia Scientific International (PSI) truly independent, as we step up the fight against officially-sanctioned junk science. Please give $30 (£20, 30 Euros) generously and be part of something awesome.

All you existing PSI members know that PSI represents the traditional scientific method, upholding full disclosure as we strive towards uncovering scientific truth, in the ongoing man-made climate change debate, such as it can be called a debate.

From our site menu (above) you can freely read the best of our peer-reviewed papers crafted by ground-breaking scientists and related experts. Our papers have turned climate science on its head by refuting the so-called ‘greenhouse gas theory.’  As such, there is now no credible scientific basis for any government to pursue policies aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions. To us, some of the ‘science’ that is trumpeted appears criminal.

Of course, the climate change scam occupied most of our time and resources in 2013, and we expect no let up now we are into the New Year.

Did the COBE, WMAP and Planck satellites really measure the temperature of the Universe?

Question (1): When you put a glass of water inside a microwave oven and turn it on does the water in the glass reflect the microwaves or does it absorb them?

Answer: The water absorbs the microwaves. Indeed, foodstuffs too, placed inside the microwave oven, absorb the microwaves. That is how the oven works and why it is called ‘a microwave oven’.

Question (2): Is a powerful absorber of microwaves also a powerful emitter thereof?

Answer: It is very well known that a powerful absorber of microwaves is also a powerful emitter of microwaves.

Thus, by (1) and (2), water is a powerful emitter of microwaves.

CONSEQUENCES FOR THE SO-CALLED COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND (CMB)

Approximately 70{154653b9ea5f83bbbf00f55de12e21cba2da5b4b158a426ee0e27ae0c1b44117} of the Earth’s surface is covered by water (oceans). The Earth’s atmosphere also contains water in solid, liquid and gaseous phases. Oceanic and atmospheric water microwave and far-infrared emission is facilitated by a fundamental physical oscillator, the hydrogen bond (Robitaille 2009). These emissions are scattered by the Earth’s atmosphere to produce an omnidirectional microwave and far-infrared isotropic bath under steady state conditions, that is independent of seasonal changes (Robitaille 2007, 2008), from initial anisotropic sources (reservoirs of water).

The Cosmic Microwave Background Explorer (COBE) satellite was in Earth orbit at an altitude of about 900 to 950 km. The Far Infrared-Red Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) aboard COBE was fitted with a shield to block extraneous radiation entering the detector and heating it. The COBE Team reported “best blackbody curve ever measured” is actually the difference between the sky and the calibrator aboard FIRAS. Although the FIRAS horn was designed as a broadband horn 30-3,000 GHz, it operated primarily from ~30-600 GHz. It is impossible to construct an effective shield to protect from extraneous signals over the entire range 30-3,000GHz. The FIRAS shield was NOT designed to shield for microwaves and so it was susceptible to microwave diffraction over it and into its detector.