An essay in the current issue (Oct. 2017) of Eos, the house organ and newsletter of the American Geophysical Union (AGU), is titled “Red, Blue – and Peer-Review” (P.R.).

Universities are considering the insertion of warnings into books and even moving some off open library shelves altogether to protect students from “dangerous” and “wrong” arguments. The proposal could hit books by climate-change sceptics, feminists, eugenicists, creationists, theologians and Holocaust deniers.

Mars’ atmosphere is composed of over 95 per cent CO2, yet up until now, researchers have known very little about how it interacts with the surface of the planet.

Now, scientists have found that strange seasonal patterns on the surface of Mars are made by freezing and melting of gas not water.

Uncoupled: CO2 And Sea Ice

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions have risen linearly since the mid-1940s.

According to climate models, anthropogenic CO2 emissions drive trends in polar sea ice. The sea ice extent in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres should therefore gradually decline (linearly) as human emissions rise.

Two Stanford geologists are disputing the decade-old explanation of the large amount of coal accumulated during the Carboniferous Period. Associate Professor Kevin Boyce and Postdoctorate Research Fellow Matthew Nelsen collaborated with scientists across the country to release a paper this past month in which they propose a new understanding of coal development.

The parallels between the two environmental frenzies are many, but the stakes are much higher now.

A majority of scientists might say a scientific theory is true, but that doesn’t mean the consensus is reliable. The science underpinning environmental claims can be fundamentally wrong — as it was in one of the biggest environmental scares in recent decades.

September Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) are now available, and we see downward spikes in ocean temps everywhere, led by sharp decreases in the Tropics and SH, reversing the bump upward last month. The Tropical cooling in particular factors into forecasters favoring an unusually late La Nina appearance in coming months.

Here’s what losing weight does to your body and brain.During the first week, you may find it easy to lose weight by simply switching to a healthier diet. But as your metabolism adjusts, you won’t burn as many calories as you used to.

Claiming to speak for science, Seth “Arctic will be ice-free by 2012” Borenstein says the first fall freeze is coming later in the US since the 1980s.

The article below is more significant than its authors appear to realize.  It casts all proxy measurements of temperature into doubt  — and paleoclimate studies all rely on proxies. For most of the world, thermometer measurements of temperature go back only a couple of hundred years, if that.  So paleoclimatologists  DEDUCE temperatures from what they see in tree rings, sedimentary sea-life, ice-cores etc.  Such things are proxies for actual temperature measurements.

And it has just been revealed that a widely used and completely accepted proxy appears to be severely inaccurate.

There have long been protests at the uncritical acceptance of proxies. Perhaps the most vivid example of proxy inaccuracy was “Mike’s Nature trick”, where Michael Mann abandoned mention of 20th century tree-ring proxies when he found that they showed a 20th century temperature DECLINE.  Where it could be examined, there was a wide divergence between tree ring proxies and actual temperatures as measured by thermometers.  Tree rings have in other words been shown to be invalid as a measure of temperature.  Any work using them is built on sand.

And Dr Zbigniew Jaworowski’s criticisms of the assumed reliability of ice core measurements of gases such as CO2 have often been mentioned.  And he studied ice cores for over 30 years. And the measurements of actual CO2 levels collated by Ernst Beck from 1812 on diverge strongly from proxy measurements.

So doubts about proxies have been voiced before but have been ignored by Warmists.  The latest study, however should be harder to ignore, given its importance to paleoclimate work.  “Paleoclimatology is bunk” would seem to be a reasonable conclusion given what we now know. Its measurements require a large element of faith and that faith has now been shown to be misplaced.

Shivali Best, the author for the UK’s Daily Mail writes:

Climate change might be even worse than we think, according to a new study that is challenging the way we measure ocean temperatures.
Scientists suggest that the method used to understand sea temperatures in the past is based on a mistake, meaning our understanding of climate change may be flawed.

The findings indicate that oceans in the past were much colder than thought, meaning that temperatures may be increasing quicker now than realised. For over 50 years, scientists based their estimates on what they learned from foraminifera – fossils of tiny marine organisms found in sediment cores taken from the ocean floor.

Foraminifera form shells called tests, in which the content of a form of oxygen, called oxygen-18, depends on the temperature of the water. So changes in the ocean’s temperature over time were calculated on the basis of the oxygen-18 content of the fossil foraminifera tests found in sediment.

According to these measurements, the ocean’s temperature has fallen by 15°C over the past 100 million years. But these estimates were based on the principle that the oxygen-18 content of the foraminifera tests remained constant while the fossils were in the sediment.

To test whether oxygen-18 levels changed, the researchers exposed foraminifera to high temperatures in artificial sea water that contained only oxygen-18.

An instrument called NanoSIMS was then used to analyse the chemical content of the fossils. Results show that the level of oxygen-18 changed without leaving a visible trace.

According to the methodology widely used by the scientific community, the temperature of the polar oceans 100 million years ago were around 15°C higher than current readings. But in a new study, researchers from the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) are challenging this method.

Instead, they suggest that ocean temperatures may in fact have remained relatively stable throughout this period, which raises serious concerns about current levels of climate change. Dr Anders Meibom, one of the researchers who worked on the study, said: ‘If we are right, our study challenges decades of paleoclimate research.’

‘Oceans cover 70 per cent of our planet. They play a key role in the earth’s climate.

‘Knowing the extent to which their temperatures have varied over geological time is crucial if we are to gain a fuller understanding of how they behave and to predict the consequences of current climate change more accurately.’

For over 50 years, scientists have based their estimates on what they learned from foraminifera – fossils of tiny marine organisms found in sediment cores taken from the ocean floor.

Foraminifera form shells called tests, in which the content of a form of oxygen, called oxygen-18, depends on the temperature of the water in which they live.

So changes in the ocean’s temperature over time were calculated on the basis of the oxygen-18 content of the fossil foraminifera tests found in the sediment. According to these measurements, the ocean’s temperature has fallen by 15°C over the past 100 million years.

But these estimates were based on the principle that the oxygen-18 content of the foraminifera tests remained constant while the fossils were in the sediment. To test whether oxygen-18 levels changed, the researchers exposed foraminifera to high temperatures in artificial sea water that contained only oxygen-18.

An instrument called NanoSIMS was then used to analyse the chemical content of the fossils. Results show that the level of oxygen-18 present changed without leaving a visible trace. Dr Sylvain Bernard, lead author of the study, said: ‘What appeared to be perfectly preserved fossils are in fact not.

‘This means that the paleotemperature estimates made up to now are incorrect.’

Rather than showing a gradual decline in temperature over the past 100 million years, the researchers suggest that the foraminifera had changed their oxygen-18 levels simply to equilibrate with the surrounding water.

The findings indicate that temperature in the oceans have been overestimated. In terms of next steps, Dr Meibom added: ‘To revisit the ocean’s paleotemperatures now, we need to carefully quantify this re-equilibration, which has been overlooked for too long.

‘For that, we have to work on other types of marine organisms so that we clearly understand what took place in the sediment over geological time.’
Read more at antigreen.blogspot.co.uk

As I predicted, my piece “400 Scientific Papers in 2017  say ‘Global Warming’ is a Myth”, is causing greenie heads to explode like watermelons struck by hollow-point bullets.

Here is an email I got shortly afterward from a guy at the completely unbiased and apolitical (lol) fact-checking organization Snopes.

With so many highly educated and intelligent scientists conducting research at JPL and NASA everybody must wonder why so many anomalies in the rings of Saturn elude a definitive explanation. It is time to question whether the wrong paradigm is responsible.

Carl Sagan and some scientists still cling to the idea that all the simple molecules of Life , including CO2, water, ammonia, methane and all the biochemicals came to earth from eons of bombardment by comets and/or meteors.  This doesn’t make sense in that anaerobic bacterial life began perhaps 800 million years after the planet formed and the Sun ignited.

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According to peer-reviewed, “consensus” climate science, anthropogenic CO2 emissions are the cause of Arctic sea ice decline.  In fact, peer-reviewed, “consensus” climate science indicates the causal relationship is so direct and so linear that it can be said with confidence that we humans melt one square foot of sea ice for every 75 miles we travel in a gasoline-powered engine.

NOAA’s climate reporting is spectacularly fraudulent and cynical. They do things like report record heat in parts of the world where they had no temperature data that month.

The image from IMS shows snow and ice on day 296 (yesterday) 2007 to 2017, with focus on Eurasia but also showing Canada and Alaska.

You can see that low Arctic ice years, like 2007, 2012 and 2016 have a smaller snow extent on both sides of the Arctic.