Ocean temperatures have risen only 0.1 degree Celsius over the last five decades, according to a landmark study some scientists argue could change the way researchers measure the ocean’s temperature levels.

Each layer of water in the ocean has vastly different temperatures, so determining the average temperature is nearly impossible without glossing over important data. Researchers at the University of California, San Diego decided on a different model – they measured the ratio of noble gases in the atmosphere, which are in direct relation to the ocean’s temperature.

Now, the consensus answer is cold, 5 Kelvin or 3 Kelvin. But there are no molecules in outer space so what do the concepts of hot, cold, heat, energy even mean without the kinetic motion of molecules?

The International Space Station (diagram above) has not one, but a redundant pair of ammonia refrigerant cooling, air conditioning, refrigerating/freezing systems. Why? If space is cold? Why not just put that ice tray or margarita blender out on the back step and let outer space do its thang?

The paper identifies that thermal conduction does not include the heat of gases vented from within the planet. Correcting for the Enthalpy carried in these vented gases yields estimates of the planet’s internal heat ranging from 300 to 420 TW, nearly ten times the prevailing view.  Of course, the vast bulk such heat is dissipated into the ocean waters.

The body of ‘hot’ water in the western Pacific which drives the El Niño is centered directly over the Mariana Trench, only exceeded by the North Pole’s Gakkel Ridge as the closet points to the Earth’s great internal heat engine.

Abstract. The Hydride Earth model predictions of geoneutrino flux and intrinsic Earth heat flux are discussed. The geoneutrino flux predicted by the model can be adjusted to the experimental one.

The predicted intrinsic Earth heat flux is significantly larger than model dependent experimental value obtained under assumption that the main heat transfer mechanism is a thermal conductivity.

The 1955 Cesium Atomic Clock at the National Physical Laboratory, UK. It kept time to a second in 300 years.

A “cesium (-beam) atomic clock” (or “cesium-beam frequency standard”) is a device that uses as a reference the exact frequency of the microwave spectral line emitted by atoms of the metallic element cesium, in particular its isotope of atomic weight 133 (“Cs-133”). The integral of frequency is time, so this frequency, 9,192,631,770 hertz(Hz = cycles/second), provides the fundamental unit of time, which may thus be measured by cesium clocks.

If you have ever grabbed the metal handle of pot being heated over a campfire, you have painfully experienced heat transfer. There are four ways in which heat is transferred from one object to another: conduction, radiation, convection and advection.

Image copyright: EPA

Scientists think they can now better explain the recent surge in methane levels seen in the Earth’s atmosphere. Although only a trace component in the air, CH4 is a ‘greenhouse gas’ and has been rising rapidly since about 2006.

Tropical wetlands and fossil fuels are suspected as major sources – but the sums do not add up.

Climate change alarmists continue to preach the dogma of global warming in a textbook case of cognitive dissonance, despite record low temperatures in different points around the globe. This past week, Buffalo and Watertown, New York, registered their coldest week in recorded weather history.

Record snowfall, a “bomb cyclone” and cold Arctic air have once again stirred up the debate over global warming’s impact on winter weather.

Some climate scientists are pointing the finger at manmade global warming as a culprit behind recent wintry weather, but there’s not a lot of evidence or agreement that global warming is currently driving extreme cold and snow.

The public is being cynically misled by the mainstream media and government scientists about ‘ocean acidification.’ All the CO2 in the atmosphere came from inside the Earth. During the early life of the planet, the Earth was much hotter, and there was much more volcanic activity than there is today.

The heat of the core caused carbon and oxygen to combine to form CO2, which became a significant part of
the Earth’s early atmosphere, perhaps the most abundant component until photosynthesis evolved. Most of the CO2
in the oceans comes from the atmosphere, although some is injected directly from ocean vents.

Eager to criticize President Trump in its news pages last week, the paper of record smugly noted, “It’s Cold Outside. Cue the Trump Global Warming Tweet.”

“With unusually frigid weather gripping much of the Eastern United States this week, President Trump took to Twitter on Thursday to cast doubt on the reality of climate change, but he appeared unaware of the distinction between weather and climate,” the Times wrote.

As Penn State climate professor, Michael Mann faces certain defeat in his libel suit against Dr Tim Ball, we examine why climate alarmism needed Mann’s notorious graph to bolster their claims of human-caused climate catastrophe.

NASA’s Earth Observatory has provided stunning images of the “temperature anomaly” in the U.S., as much of the country faces the perils of a winter storm dubbed the “bomb cyclone.”

The image above, known as a temperature anomaly map, uses data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite. The heat maps are land surface tempeatures taken from Dec. 26, 2017-Jan. 2, 2018 and are compared to the eight-day average from 2001 to 2010.

Image copyright: BEN POTTER

The 11,500-year-old remains of an infant girl from Alaska have shed new light on the peopling of the Americas. Genetic analysis of the child, allied to other data, indicates she belonged to a previously unknown, ancient group.

Scientists say what they have learnt from her DNA strongly supports the idea that a single wave of migrants moved into the continent from Siberia just over 20,000 years ago.

Does the mystery of how the Sun’s outer corona (a few million degrees) is so much hotter than the Sun’s surface (5800 to 6000 C) have a hitherto unexplained connection to Earth’s climate? Perhaps solar flares are linked to global warming after all. Richard F Cronin explains:

Tales of doom and gloom about polar bears reflect what some people think might happen in the future, not what is happening right now.

Currently, polar bears are doing just fine despite the low summer sea ice coverage they’ve experienced since 2007 (Crockford 2017a; York et al. 2016).