Jupiter’s Magnetosphere and the Great Red Spot
Herein is a discussion report from Robert Beatty proposing the broad internal details for the planet Jupiter, as might currently exist. [1]
1) INTRODUCTION This study developed following a comment discussion attached to PSI paper “Black Hole Radiation: New paper for Open Review”.[2] The discussion revolved around the possibility that Jupiter has a rocky surface.
The rocky surface proposition agrees with my published book, Planets Satellites and Landforms, which includes the generic equatorial section of a protoplanet formation,
Figure 1, showing how a protoplanet might start forming, immediately after its satellites have launched from the planet surface.[3]
It was agreed to investigate the situation further which has resulted in this composition.
2) BACKGROUND:
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the solar system and as such, continues to radiate significant primordial heat evident in the famous red spot, or eye as shown in this Hubble Image, Figure 2. The planet is described as a gas giant composed mostly of hydrogen and helium, but may have a rocky core.[4]
The Great Red Spot rotates at a different pace to the magnetic field recorded at Jupiter, and it is generally concluded the GRS is the result of a persistent storm cloud and not directly associated with surface activity on the planet.
3) PLANET JUPITER FACTS.
Several empirical facts are known about Jupiter as shown at the NASA site.[5] These are included in Table 1, together with other quantities estimated to produce the known planet mass of 1.90E+27 kg.
The volume estimates are used to construct a vertical wire frame section of planet Jupiter as shown in Figure 3.
Jupiter appears to have a solid core surrounded by a spherical shaped mobile Magnetic Chamber. Here magma circulates rapidly in the chamber with a rotation period of 9.9 hours, and powers the magnetosphere which surrounds Jupiter.
Another spheroid shaped Magma Chamber exists outside the Magnetic Chamber. Magma circulating in this chamber moves more slowly, with the Chamber rotation period of 144 hours.
Magma moves past the outer surface of the Magnetic Chamber, towards the base of the Heat Exit Chimney. Here the magma cools, with the heat convecting up to the surface and terminating at the GWS.
The magma returns from the base of the Chimney, within the Magma Chamber towards the Proto Continent location. Lighter components from the magma deposit at the edge of the Proto Continent. The incoming magma squeezes the deposit together from all sides, forming a compact floating Proto Continent. The Proto Continent has a high central core, and deep roots penetrating into the Magma Chamber.
4) JUPITER UPPER LAYERS.
Beyond the Proto Continent, two realms of liquid hydrogen and helium exists with the inner region having an average density of 672 kg/m3 and the upper layers averaging 192 kg/m3.
The visible clouds on Jupiter are a mix of dust coming from lower levels. A density of 192 is estimated for the highest and least dense layer, but which includes a high entrained dust portion. The dust material has been swept off the surface of the Proto Continent surface. Numerous Jovian satellites, currently assessed at 79 moons, continuously stir up the atmosphere causing dense dust clouds to form. The most prominent are the four Galilean satellites shown in Figure 4,[6] are expected to be the most influential in impacting upper Jovian atmospheric condition.
The GRS appears in the Upper Atmosphere layers above the Heat Exit Chimney, and rotates in synchronisation with the Spheroid Magma Chamber, rotating at 144 hours per cycle, or 6 Earth days.
GRS changed in size since first observed in the 1800s:[7]
The Great Red Spot is large enough to accommodate Earth within its boundaries. Mathematical models suggest that the storm is stable and may be a permanent feature of the planet. However, it has significantly decreased in size since its discovery. Initial observations in the late 1800s showed it to be approximately 41,000 km (25,500 mi) across. By the time of the Voyager flybys in 1979, the storm had a length of 23,300 km (14,500 mi) and a width of approximately 13,000 km (8,000 mi). Hubble observations in 1995 showed it had decreased in size again to 20,950 km (13,020 mi), and observations in 2009 showed the size to be 17,910 km (11,130 mi). As of 2015, the storm was measured at approximately 16,500 by 10,940 km (10,250 by 6,800 mi), and is decreasing in length by about 930 km (580 mi) per year.
As the heat expires from Jupiter, the Heat Exit Chimney is expected to reduce in size and have a more erratic location. This could include a number of pipe branches forming in the upper chimney which appear on the surface as multiple eye spots.
REFERENCES.
1.https://bosmin.com//PSL/JupiterStructure.pdf
2.https://principia-scientific.org/black-hole-radiation-new-paper-for-open-review/
3.http://www.bosmin.com/PSL/PlanetsSatellitesLandforms.pdf
4.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter
5.https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html
6.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean_moons
7.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter#Great_Red_Spot_and_other_vortices
About the author: Robert A. Beatty BE (Minerals) FAusIMM is an Honorary Research Consultant at The University of Queensland in recognition of his work on terrestrial evolution, planet orogeny and climate influences. He has over thirty years’ of broad experience in mine operations and planning for open cut and underground, coal and metalliferous mines. Since 1980 he has operated as Principal of R.A. Beatty and Associates Pty Limited mine consulting engineers offering services under the BOSMIN® trade mark.
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JaKo
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Hello,
How refreshing is to read a few facts from a real science. No political agenda / wealth & power scheming — thank you Robert (and John for selecting it)!
BTW, while reading what Joseph wrote in the previous article comment: “PSI is a UK registered science education charity, with strict limits on political statements.” I realized “Me too” ran off this maxim way too often. Thank you Joseph for reminding us.
JaKo
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Jerry Krause
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Hi JaKo,
I haven’t taken time to read Robert’s article, but its topic is certainly ‘real’ and deserves the attention of a Scientist, But I certainly plan to find time in my busy life (fight now) to do so. A problem with PSI is consequence of its recent success. The comments are coming so rapidly that I have no idea who Joseph is beside your comment about his comment. And your comment has pasted in the night and I only discovered it because of my interest in the topic of Robert’s article.
But I agree with you in this ‘fast’ moving world we too seldom focus on the fundamentals.
Have a good day, Jerry
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Jerry Krause
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Hi Jako and PSI Readers,
Off of Robert’s topic but I must report about the MOSAiC Expedition (Follow Mosaic), another example of real Science.
They are now at 88degrees3minutes and drifting even nearer the North Pole. And they were just visited by a curious Polar Bear and he cub. Even though some are worried about the Arctic ice that they claim will eventually disappear because of human activities, it seems this Mother is not worried about her family. Take a look.
Have a good day, Jerry
Reply
Rober Beatty
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Thanks JaKo and Jerry for your positive comments.
PSI are renown for publishing engineering and science articles which might otherwise languish in obscurity.
The wheels of accepted scholarship move very slowly when in comes to new thinking. In most cases it is entirely understandable, given the huge sunk investment in lectures, peer reviewed papers, thesis, and books.
This makes our PSI outlet especially valuable.
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Herb Rose
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Hi Robert,
I thought I’d share my guesses about Jupiter with you after looking at images of the effects of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts.
I am thinking that Jupiter is a giant rock with a shallow atmosphere composed mainly of dust particles. The stripes are a result of the different absorption of solar energy by different minerals and the dust storms that satellites pass through are a result of impacts on Jupiter propelling dust particles into orbits around Jupiter.
I still believe that the mass of Jupiter is far greater than that calculated by the equation of gravity. Time and further exploration will tell but I doubt if I’ll be around to say “I told you so.”
Herb
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Jerry Krause
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Hi Robert,
I have long pondered the question: What is the force of gravity at the center of mass of the Sun, Earth, Jupiter, etc? For it seems to me that it would be zero as the ‘symmetrical’ forces cancel each other.
Can you help me?
Have a good day, Jerry
Reply