How Quicycle Is Advancing the Cause of Pure Science
The Quicycle Society is an organization dedicated to furthering the principles of pure science. One of its principal goals is to illuminate the unity between quantum, classical and relativistic mechanics. Standard model physicists have been unable to link them together. Some have gone so far as to say that quantum mechanics and relativity are mutually exclusive.
Some Quicycle members believe they have found the link between all three branches of mechanics through the properties of photons.
Methodology
Quicycle was founded with the aims of getting valid information past unsubstantiated objections forwarded by standard model reviewers. It features regular printed articles, but focuses on audio-visual presentations since these are often a better means of communication than written articles. It is based around the following principles.
- Furthering Pure Science
- Science that is analytic, testable, and calculable
- Science that is subject to the scientific method
- Science that can be used in imagining new materials, devices, and systems
- Proving a concept, from thinking it to making it to bringing it into material reality, is considered the most solid scientific proof of all
- Enabling thinking which could otherwise not be thought about at all
- Elementary particles are not assumed to be axiomatic
- Sub-quantum mechanics and particle structures are investigated and elucidated
- Discussion forums are arranged where experts exchange ideas
- Excluding the untestable
- Many worlds, hypothesized particles, infinities, or unphysical concepts that are not subject to experiment, are not contemplated
- Extra dimensions beyond those of the fabric of spacetime are avoided
- That which is unobservable is not worth thinking about
- Public Peer Review
- Peer review should occur in a transparent and public manner
- Reviewers should be able to demonstrate their understanding of the content and their ability to critique it substantively
Some Achievements
The essence of the link is that photons have mass, as determined by Einstein and measured many times. The suggestion is that all individual particles consist of photons of the appropriate energy making two revolutions within their wavelength. Although that may seem surprising, both the physics and mathematics indicate that rotating photons are more stable than are the linear photons of which they are composed.
This work extends quantum mechanics in a way that is able to include the sub-structure of subatomic particles. It is their structure that gives rise to their properties. The expression of both photon and particle wave functions can now be realized via the Williamson equation, summarized in the form 𝒟μΞ𝒢=0. (“d-mu ksi-gee equals zero”). This is a Clifford-Dirac algebra in which all components (such as current, field, angular momentum, mass) can be expressed in their appropriate inter relationships. (See Video QC0068 on www.Quicycle.com). Physically it expresses the relationship that the sum of all changes is zero. The principle of least action, in which the energy change for any single event tends to zero, expressed mathematically as ΔE→0, is also used.
The first consequence revealed by the rotating photon structure is Einstein’s special relativity corrections. In the equation E = mc2, energy E is the photon travelling in a straight line and mass m is the same photon making two revolutions per wavelength. That rotating photon structure is automatically subject to the special relativity corrections of mass, length and time as it moves. It also gives rise to a fourth special relativity correction, which helps to unite quantum properties with special relativity. (QC0021)
Quicyclists have also described the structures that the only known stable particles — electrons, protons, (bound) neutrons and neutrinos —have under the rotating photon model. (QC0043) Their structure gives their observed properties. Predictions are made of some new and intriguing ones. The structure, properties and mass of electron neutrinos is predicted. A description of the origins of the myriad of elementary particles generated by cosmic rays and in particle accelerators is given, and the properties of some of them are described. (QC0045)
We go on to show how the neutral neutron can bind positively charged protons together in nuclei. That shows the nature of the strong force and the rules of nuclear binding. (QC0060) That is sufficient to enable any interested party to determine the structure and many properties of any nucleus of any Z and A. (QC0078) It shows why the 12C nucleus is equilateral triangle shaped, why 4He has the highest charge density of any nucleus while its neighbor 6Li has the lowest, the nature of the skin effect, and a lot more. The calculations are not complicated although they can be time consuming if done manually.
The match between theory and observation is remarkably good. It turns what is otherwise a complex topic under all other models into a simple exercise that is highly accurate in its predictions. Knowing the nature of the nuclear interactions, we have gone on to show how the fusion of heavy elements occurs, predicting the observed solar abundances of most elements, 3<Z<92 (Fe excluded) to within a factor of about 3 over more than 7 orders of magnitude.
We then show how treating electrons as particles can explain many of the observed properties of electrons around atoms (QC0095). Electron energies in atoms are fixed by the number of protons in the nucleus and the screening effects of other electrons closer to the nucleus. There is no need to introduce artificial constraints like quantized orbits because of orbital angular momentum or the de Broglie wavelength. Fixed energy levels are an automatic consequence of this rotating photon structure of matter. We also show the nature of electron binding and why it is so important for electrons to pair.
That takes us in continuity from the nuclear and quantum worlds to the classical world without the need to hypothesize any artificial constraints. From that point on, the classical and special relativity worlds do a good job of explaining most observations.
We have found that photons are also the key to understanding the physics that supports Einstein’s gravity. That has enabled us to evaluate Einstein’s work, including the approximations he introduced. Within those approximations we find no error in his calculations. It is hoped that an understanding of the physics he used and the ability to make the same derivations using simpler mathematics will silence those who wish to criticize his work. An evaluation of the work of some general relativity specialists shows they seem unable to recognize the physics he used or the approximations he introduced. All is not what the “experts” tell us. (QC0106)
In that manner, we have shown how photons provide the link between the smallest subatomic particles, nuclear physics, the quantum world of atoms and molecules, the classical worlds of Newton and Maxwell, Einstein’s special relativity corrections and gravity. They are all part of the one continuum in three space dimensions and time, in a universe free of quarks, gluons, gravitons, tachyons, strings and other hypothesized particles.
Other topics covered include the photon-electron model (QC0007), the Higgs Boson (QC0089) and high temperature superconductors (QC0099).
Attempts to publish some of this work in standard model journals have not been successful. Some of the rejection notices have included words to the effect of “the mathematics is not sufficiently complex!”, “we have a theory that says your theory is wrong!”, and “it is not standard model so we can’t publish it!”
Summary
Publishing on www.quicycle.com provides an outlet for our findings. Not all of the work mentioned above has been published. The science underpinning these descriptions is firm. Other work is in progress. In addition, Quicycle aims to disrupt the manner in which peer review is conducted, bringing the process more transparency and accountability. An example of our peer review system is given in QV0101, with a panel discussion on the subject shown in QC0082.
A selection of the published Quicycle presentations mentioned above is given in the following link: https://quicycle.com/links-1/ The number after the topic refers to the number of the presentation that gives its details.
Below are a selection of some videos:
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Web: www.quicycle.com
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