How One Volcano Can Ruin Your Climate Dogma
Kandahalagalaa is an atoll in the Maldives where drill holes show that sea levels rose and fell like a yoyo well before humans started to emit carbon dioxide in the Industrial Revolution
Sea level changes were obviously unrelated to human activities. Drilling showed that the atoll thrived each time sea level rose.
Scientific work nearly 200 years ago showed that as sea level rises, coral atolls grow bigger and the Ellice Islands (now Tuvalu) were used as an example.
It was at Funafuti that Professor Sir Edgeworth David’s drill holes in 1896 to 1898 validated the theories of coral atoll growth by Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin.
The work of Lyell, Darwin, and Edgeworth David was validated by 1954 to 1958 drilling of the Bikini Atoll and was validated yet again using satellite imagery that showed that most of the 1,100 Indian and Pacific Ocean atolls have increased in size over the last 40 years.
Sea level measurements at Tuvalu over the last 30 years show no sea level rise. Drilling, satellite imagery and sea level measurements show that no atoll island nation is being inundated.
Experiments cooking up lava with gases such as water vapor or carbon dioxide at high temperatures and pressures show that some common gases lower both the melting and freezing points of lava.
The lava type that characterizes the Pacific Ring of Fire (andesite) can dissolve a large amount of water vapor and almost no carbon dioxide or other gases.
As lava rises, the pressure of the dissolved water increases, steam flashes, expands instantaneously and is suddenly and catastrophically released from the lava at a shallow depth.
A column of pulverized rock, fine glassy needles of instantly frozen lava (‘ash’), and steam are blasted high into the atmosphere.
Such eruptions are common in the Andes, Central America, the Rockies, the Japanese island arc (Mt Fuji), Papua New Guinea (Rabaul), Indonesia (Krakatoa), and the Mediterranean (Vesuvius).
At Santorini in Greece, there was a massive eruption in 1,600 BC as a result of Africa pushing wet Mediterranean sea-floor sediments deep beneath Europe.
The high temperature, high pressure, and saturation with water at depth induced melting. Seawater also entered the mass of molten rock beneath Santorini.
The lighter molten rock charged with huge amounts of water in solution started to rise to the surface and rising lava elbowed aside other rocks resulting in earthquakes.
Choking sulfurous gas was released. As the lava rose, the weight of overlying rocks became lower.
There was a sudden, catastrophic expansion and release of steam from the lava resulting in a massive explosive eruption producing an ash cloud that was blasted 25 km into the atmosphere.
Ash particles created internal bleeding of the lungs and people drowned in their own blood. The lungs of people and their animals became lithified, many died from poisoning by sulfurous fumes, tsunamis up to scores of meters high swept across the eastern Mediterranean, crops were covered in a thick layer of volcanic ash and heavy rain triggered by ash particles in the air led to mudflows and flooding.
Some 30 cubic kilometers of Santorini was pulverized into ash that fell as thick layers in and around the Mediterranean and as thin layers on the polar ice caps.
The Minoan Empire was destroyed. It was the Santorini eruption that changed the course of Western civilisation leading to the rise of the Mycenæans and Athenians.
After the April 1815 eruption of Tambora (Indonesia), the following year was ‘the year without summer’ globally. It was dark, cold and wet. Just like the UK this year.
The underwater eruption from the Pacific Ocean volcano in Tonga called Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai occurred on 15 January 2022. NASA published satellite time-lapse footage showing a column of water rising 50 km to the stratosphere.
The volume of water that entered the stratosphere was 10 percent of all the water in the stratosphere.
As a result, Eastern Australia had numerous rain bombs in 2022 and 2023. Elsewhere in the world, there were rain bombs and large snowfalls. The UK saw it’s coldest and wettest summer for decades.
The water and volcanic ash from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai will remain in the atmosphere for years while it does laps around the planet and eventually falls to Earth.
Small subaerial eruptions such as Tambora (1815), Krakatoa (1883), Pinatubo (1991), Kasatochi (2008), and Calbuco (2015) cooled the Earth because the ash and water rose to only 25 km in the atmosphere where it reflected light and heat resulting in short-term cooling.
By contrast, the massive volume of water from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai rose to an altitude of 50 km and created a temporary warming effect due to the trapping of heat. Not by carbon dioxide, by the only true ‘greenhouse gas’; water vapour.
Most andesite volcanoes such as those in the Pacific Ring of Fire pulverize and eject about 30 cubic kilometers of rock. Supervolcanoes eject thousands of cubic kilometers of rock.
During the last glaciation, the eruption of Toba (Indonesia) 73,000 years ago blasted 3,000 cubic kilometers of pulverized rock into the atmosphere. …
Every slight variation in natural events is now blamed on ‘climate change’. All settled, no argument.
If the science of climate change is settled, then there is no reason for taxpayers to fund climate research any longer.
Normal geological processes in the oceans that were documented nearly 200 years ago are now touted as evidence of a ‘climate crisis’.
Monstrous volcanic eruptions that produce climate and weather changes have been well-documented since Adam was a boy.
Heavy rain, with the resultant flooding and snow, we are now told is evidence of a human-induced climate catastrophe, and the possibility of a natural phenomenon is not even considered by the hysterical green-tinged media.
Massive wildfires are blamed on sinful Westerners emitting plant food [CO2] while poor forest management, ‘green’ policies preventing brush clearance, arsonists, sparking machines, and fallen power lines are ignored as irrelevant.
See more here climatechangedispatch
Please Donate Below To Support Our Ongoing Work To Defend The Scientific Method
PRINCIPIA SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL, legally registered in the UK as a company 
incorporated for charitable purposes. Head Office: 27 Old Gloucester Street, London WC1N 3AX.
Trackback from your site.
Herb Rose
| #
The GHGT and meteorology are based on the false premise that the sun heats the Earth then the Earth heats the atmosphere. Heat flows until equilibrium is attained. The object being heated can never get hotter than the source of the heat. According to the “scientists” the air over the surface of the Earth can never get hotter than the surface of the Earth. In reality it does because it is being heated by the sun, not the Earth.
Reply
Wisenox
| #
If the media outlets cut back on the number of volcano eruption stories for a few years, and then suddenly started to report all of them, would your brain fall for climate change?
How about if I control the media outlets and weather centers and I falsely add 1 degree to the temperatures, would your brain fill in the missing pieces and call it a heat wave?
What if I show you weather stories that are actually a couple years old, would your brain even think of it as a possibility?
The media and weather stations are controlled by the same groups telling you that covid is real. Do you really think they’ve gone honest?
Reply
Jerry Krause
| #
Hi Herb and Wisenox,
Professor Ian Plimer, in his article, cites OBSERVATION after observation which you both totally ignore in your comments. PSI is about SCIENCE (OBSERVATIONS), not about ‘I THINKS’ which ignore observations.
Have a good day
Reply
Herb Rose
| #
Jerry,
You have observed the atmosphere being warmer than the ground or water but because you cannot think it has no meaning to you.
Reply
Jerry Krause
| #
Hi Herb,
“because you cannot think it has no meaning to you.” Have you observed this?
Have a good day
Reply
Herb Rose
| #
Yes Jerry,
After it snows at night I wait until the temperature gets warmer before I go out and shovel.
Reply
Jerry Krause
| #
Hi Herb,
Did you try to answer my question?
Have good day
Reply
Herb Rose
| #
yes jerry see the comment right above yours. So much for your observation ability.
Reply
Jerry Krause
| #
Herb, what does ‘your shoveling snow’ have to do with your writing about what is going on in MY.MIND?
(You misspelled your name two posts in a row now fixed) SUNMOD
Reply
herb Rose
| #
jerry,
We all know that nothing is going on in your mind. If you go outside and the air is warmer than the ground then the ground is not heating the air and GHGT is proven false by that evidence.
Reply
Whokoo
| #
There is only one vowel in the Maldives language.
‘Kandahalagalaa is an atoll in the Maldives.’
This is a great article, so I thought I would make an idiot comment to go with the other idiot comments.
Reply
Jerry Krause
| #
Hi WhoKoo and Sunmod,
First Sunmod, AI believes you misspelled your name and corrected automatically. And WhoKoo, AI also believes you misspelled you name, but it doesn’t try to correct it. WhoKoo, thanks for language lesson. I learn new things every time I come to PSI and read articles and comments. Clearly the single vowel is A. Herb, did I just prove that I can and do observe? And WhoKoo, Galileo didn’t believe there are any idiots as I read that he wrote “I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn’t learn something from him.”
AI just pointed out that I had typed a comma instead of a period in my email address. Have to give credit when credit is due.
Have a good day
Reply
Herb Rose
| #
Jerry, I’m not sure having someone else point things out to you makes you observant..
Reply
Jerry Krause
| #
Hi Herb and other PSI critics,
Are you aware of these two links: (https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/uscrn/products/hourly02/2022/) and (https://raws.dri.edu/)? These US government projects are sited at natural sites; hence are natural laboratories. Their earliest measurements began about 1985 when the necessary technology became available.
Herb, I cannot remember you, or anyone else, referring to any of this data here at PSI. So please correct me if I am wrong.
Have a good day
Reply
Herb Rose
| #
Jerry,
I have experienced days where the ground was frozen and the temperature of the atmosphere was in the 40F to 50f causing the top of the soil to become muddy. I don’t need government data to tell me that the ground is not heating the atmosphere.
Reply
Jerry Krause
| #
Hi Herb,
I too have experienced the general spring time condition whose detailed factors you have not defined (described). For the soil to become muddy in the afternoon a top soil layer needs to be nearly saturated with water. And below this soil layer the ground is still frozen so the water cannot drain downward.
And I believe a generally clear atmosphere is required. For during the previous night a very shallow surface layer freezes and the temperature of the atmosphere in contact with the surface probably cools below the freezing point. Then after sunrise the the very shallow layer of frozen soil begins to thaw,. But the thermal conductivity of the saturated soil prevents the surface temperature of the soil to warm much above the freezing point.
Herb, you didn’t describe what warms the atmosphere “40F to 50f”. and doubt it was the atmosphere’s carbon dioxide for if it was there would be no debate about the idea of the GHE. So there need be solid surfaces above the ground which absorb solar radiation and warm the atmosphere in contact with them.
And this explains the circumstances with you have described. However you may still claim that I do not observe and cannot reason about that which I have experienced.
Have a good day
Reply
Herb Rose
| #
Jerry,
If you are heating something the object being heated can never have a greater temperature than the source of heat. If the surface of the Earth is heating the atmosphere then the atmosphere can never be hotter than the surface. With snow or ice on the ground the temperature of the atmosphere can never get above 32F until the ground gets above 32F and then it can only rise in step with the surface..
Reply
Jerry Krause
| #
Hi Herb.
It seems you didn’t read “So there need be solid surfaces above the ground which absorb solar radiation and warm the atmosphere in contact with them.”
Because of the mud, to which you initially referred, I dismissed the cause of the much warmer atmosphere as being an atmospheric warm front moving over the cold earth surface. So, if you reject my explanation for the warm atmosphere, how do you explain the warm atmosphere?? And please directly answer this question.
Have a good day
Reply
Herb Rose
| #
jerry,
There is no solid surface above the surface.The atmosphere consists of gasses whose density decreases with increasing altitude.
The atmosphere is warm because the O2 and N2 absorb UV light and convert it to IR. Ozone is created in the stratosphere because O2 absorbs 392,000 joules/mole and splits into oxygen atoms, which combine with O2 to form ozone. The assumption that the rest of the O2 molecules in the atmosphere are not absorbing any energy is ridiculous.