Tool making and communication skills are easily distinguishing features between human beings and other species on this planet. When coupled with a natural curiosity and the ability learn from our mistakes, we have lifted most humans from the vulgar realities of our ancestor’s existence. For those bent on controlling others, tools and communication must be controlled and manipulated.

The ‘great humanitarian’, Vladimir Lenin said “the way to crush the bourgeoisie is to grind them between the millstones of taxation and inflation”. The great philosopher, Bertrand Russell said “western populations would gladly accept serfdom if it was packaged as saving the Earth”.
Hubble and the Big Bang
In 1929, when spectral analysis revealed a ‘red shift’ in distant galaxies, astronomer Edwin Hubble speculated that this might be due to acceleration away from Earth and a possible expanding universe. Before he could reflect on other possible explanations, a radio interview stumbled onto the phrase “Big Bang” and a run-away train left the station. Dr Hubble was uncomfortable with both the concept and the catchy nick-name, but he had a ‘conflict of interest’ on this issue.
In a Times magazine interview, on December 14, 1936, titled “Science: Shift on Shift”, Dr Hubble makes his opposition clear. One reason that he was not more forceful was because he was begging the government for funding of the Mount Palomar telescope. Public interest was necessary during the tight depression era federal budgets to complete this project.
The Hooker 100 inch telescope was then showing farthest light sources to be moving at 25,000 miles per second. Dr Hubble, during his 1936 interview, stated that he was “willing to abandon the expanding universe to mathematical cosmologists”…pending erection of the 200 inch Palomar telescope…”which may finally settle the question”.















