therapeutic potential of resveratrol nasal formulations in COVID-19
In a recently published article in the journal Frontiers in Immunology, scientists have reviewed the existing literature on antiviral and anti-inflammatory efficacy of resveratrol-based inhaled formulations in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reducing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity.
SARS-CoV-2, the causative pathogen of COVID-19, is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus with a genome size of about 30kb. Being a respiratory virus, SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the upper respiratory tract and causes mild respiratory complications. If this remains unresolved, the virus can spread to the lower respiratory tract and cause viral pneumonia. In severe cases, an excessively high inflammatory microenvironment (cytokine storm) together with viral pneumonia can result in respiratory failure and death.
Therapeutic benefits of resveratrol
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound produced in various plants. This bioactive compound possesses many health benefits, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. There is ample evidence indicating the therapeutic benefits of resveratrol in type 2 diabetes, neurological and cardiovascular diseases, and liver, breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. Moreover, studies have pointed out the antiviral efficacy of resveratrol against respiratory viruses.
Antiviral efficacy of resveratrol
Resveratrol is known to limit viral replication by inhibiting viral gene expression and protein synthesis and downregulating various signaling pathways in cells. By reducing viral replication, resveratrol subsequently prevents heightened inflammatory responses, leading to the prevention of lung injuries. The antiviral potency of resveratrol has been documented against influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus, and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of resveratrol
Studies investigating the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of resveratrol reveal that the compound significantly inhibits viral replication in host cells at low micromolar concentrations. About 98% reduction in replication can be achieved by treating the cells with resveratrol after viral entry. However, pretreatment of cells with resveratrol has been found to cause a very low level of inhibition.
Interestingly, some studies have shown that treatment of cells with resveratrol during viral entry can cause more than 60 percent reduction in viral replication, indicating that the compound has some effect on viral entry into host cells. Overall, these observations suggest that resveratrol interferes with the viral life-cycle at the early phase of infection.
Apart from direct antiviral activities, resveratrol has been found to inhibit several pathogenic pathways associated with COVID-19. These include dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, renin-angiotensin system dysfunction, and kinin−kallikrein system stimulation.
NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy
Under physiological conditions, pathogen-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines, which in turn facilitate the induction of adaptive immunity against the pathogen. However, an aberrant dysregulated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome can lead to the development of inflammatory disorders.
In COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2-induced inhibition of cellular autophagy and excessive production of IL-1 beta has been found to cause uncontrolled activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Resveratrol, on the other hand, can prevent dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inducing SIRT1 (a deacetylase) activity, promoting autophagy, and reducing inflammation.
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and the renin-angiotensin system
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a component of the renin-angiotensin system, is the primary host cell protein that facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry. However, after host cell entry, SARS-CoV-2 downregulates the expression and activity of ACE2, leading to abnormal functioning of the renin-angiotensin system and excessive production of proinflammatory and prooxidant mediators. Collectively, these events lead to the development of alveolar edema and acute lung injury. In this context, it has been hypothesized that by inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication, resveratrol may restore physiological functions of the renin-angiotensin system and reduce lung inflammation.
ACE2 and the Kinin−Kallikrein System
ACE2 acts on the Kinin−Kallikrein System by producing bradykinin and its metabolites. SARS-CoV-2-mediated reduction in ACE2 expression can lead to dysregulation in the Kinin−Kallikrein System and induction in the lung inflammatory microenvironment. Excessive inflammation can subsequently make the lung vasculature more susceptible to leakage and angioedema formation.
Although no direct evidence is available regarding the effect of resveratrol in inducing ACE2 expression in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, there are studies supporting the hypothesis that resveratrol can serve as a potent adjunct anti-inflammatory agent in COVID-19 by inhibiting bradykinin-induced COX-2/PGE2 production.
Resveratrol bioavailability
Despite having potent antiviral activity, resveratrol is not a clinically suitable compound because of poor stability in aqueous solutions and low bioavailability. After oral administration, resveratrol is rapidly absorbed and extensively metabolized in the intestine and liver. As a result, only trace amounts of unaltered resveratrol remain in the plasma for biological activities.
To prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection at the early stage, a high concentration of resveratrol in the airways can be achieved by topically administering the compound through inhaled formulations. In clinical trials, a nasal spray formulation comprising carboxymethylated glycan and resveratrol has shown good efficacy in reducing the severity and recurrence of upper respiratory tract infections of viral origin. It has been suggested that the nasal spray formulation provides antiviral protection mainly by upregulating toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression.
Since SARS-CoV-2 primarily transmits via respiratory droplets and attacks nasal epithelial cells, complete control over infection can be achieved by inhibiting the viral replication in the upper respiratory tract and restricting the viral propagation in the lower respiratory tract. In this context, it is highly important to conduct clinical trials to investigate the antiviral efficacy of carboxymethylated glycan and resveratrol-based nasal formulation in treating acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients.
See more here: news-medical.net
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Peter Brintrup
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I use a mixture of 1/3 each of collodial silver, copper and zinc, each with 50 ppm only. I take it as a nasal spray 3 times a week. Since I use it I never had a sniff or a cold.
Does anybody else have practical knowledge and I would appreciate your opinion.
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Tom
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Won’t be long before the FDA, CDC and big pharma squash this news. They hate resveratrol. I take it almost daily using the Longevinex brand.
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Richard Noakes
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See my Twitter blog RichardNoakes19 for my free salt water cure for any virus – 26.5 years never ill from viruses or Coronavirus – also alternatives to mRNA vaccines cannot be used by Governments because they have signed up to Pfizer’s vaccines – which deny them and us any rights, in those matters: Pfizer vaccine contracts with governments strangle people’s rights with no recourse for obvious malfeasance
Aug 4
Cybersecurity Expert Ehden Biber has legally obtained copies of the Pfizer contracts with Albania, Brazil, Israel and the EU.
He discovered the first one on an Albanian website, where it was published on January 2021. Its veracity was confirmed when he was able to see Brazil’s Pfizer contract, which is virtually identical on that country’s health ministry website, with a signature that was verified by DocuSign. He has since seen virtually same contract with the EU and heard the details of Israel’s Pfizer contract.
The contract, which exposes Pfizer to zero liability for anything and places the liability for everything on the government, which is called the “Purchaser” in the contract.
The deal is a criminal shakedown of epic proportions, the likes of which it is hard to even fathom. Why would anybody sign it?
Reading the contract’s language sheds some light on the inexplicable behavior of the government authorities of the world and on the true nature of this whole COVID operation.
It also may shed light on the untimely deaths of two African presidents and the Haitian president, who all very understandably refused to sign this contract!
In his blog, Biber wrote, “If you were wondering why #Ivermectin was suppressed, well, it is because the agreement that countries had with Pfizer does not allow them to escape their contract, which states that even if a drug will be found to treat COVID19, the contract cannot be voided.”
And here’s a shocking clause about supplying the product:
“Pfizer shall have no liability for any failure to deliver doses in accordance with any estimated delivery dates… nor shall any such failure give Purchaser any right to cancel orders for any quantities of Product.
“Pfizer shall decide on necessary adjustments to the number of Contracted Doses and Delivery Schedule due to the Purchaser … based on principles to be determined by Pfizer … Purchaser shall be deemed to agree to any revision.”
So Pfizer can breach its own contract but their hitmen will kill you if you refuse to sign it!
You can really see how this Globalist entity that is Pfizer hates nation states and will not recognize their laws but it acts like a “government that dictates to other governments around the world,” as Biber says. If we look around at the complete lawlessness and the meltdown of once-solid institutions all over the world, you can see that Big Pharma is being used like a massive battering ram against the national laws and national sovereignty of all nations.
The contract forces the “Purchaser”, which is how they refer to the nation that is contracting with them to defend Pfizer’s interests and not those of the citizens they’re supposed to be representing and defending – and whose taxpayer money they’re using to pay Pfizer these billions of dollars.
As Biber tweeted, Israel has turned into a pharmaceutical #BananaRepublic, where the priorities of a multinational supercedes the priorities of its citizens.
Not only is Pfizer held completely harmless from all claims, the “Purchaser”, ie, the national government is responsible for Pfizer’s legal defense against any and all claims!
However, “Pfizer shall have the right to assume control of such defense… and Purchaser shall pay all Losses, including, without limitation, the reasonable attorneys’ fees and other expenses incurred.” Pfizer makes sure the country will pay for everything.
I really don’t get why governments across the world have signed this. What’s in it for them? Did they sign this voluntarily? It really seems like a colossal shakedown and a complete abdication on the part of these governments to protect their people. It’s malfeasance on a scale that beggars belief.
THE ONLY WAY to get a product recall on these shots is if you can prove fault in Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP), which is regulated by the FDA.
However, CGMP will tell you NOTHING about mRNA, because we don’t have CGMP for an mRNA vaccine, so you cannot prove CGMP malpractice.
CairnsNews
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sir_isO
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It’s as if people haven’t figured out antioxidants help “neutralize” toxicity and volatility in the body.
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