New Way To Capture Heat and Turn It into Electricity
Credit: OSU
An international team of scientists discovered a new way to capture heat and turn it into electricity.
The discovery, published last week in the journal Science Advances, could create more efficient energy generation from heat in things like car exhaust, interplanetary space probes and industrial processes.
“Because of this discovery, we should be able to make more electrical energy out of heat than we do today,” said study co-author Joseph Heremans, professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering and Ohio Eminent Scholar in Nanotechnology at The Ohio State University. “It’s something that, until now, nobody thought was possible.”
The discovery is based on tiny particles called paramagnons—bits that are not quite magnets, but that carry some magnetic flux. This is important, because magnets, when heated, lose their magnetic force and become what is called paramagnetic. A flux of magnetism—what scientists call “spins”—creates a type of energy called magnon-drag thermoelectricity, something that, until this discovery, could not be used to collect energy at room temperature.
“The conventional wisdom was once that, if you have a paramagnet and you heat it up, nothing happens,” Heremans said. “And we found that that is not true. What we found is a new way of designing thermoelectric semiconductors—materials that convert heat to electricity. Conventional thermoelectrics that we’ve had over the last 20 years or so are too inefficient and give us too little energy, so they are not really in widespread use. This changes that understanding.”
Magnets are a crucial part of collecting energy from heat: When one side of a magnet is heated, the other side—the cold side—gets more magnetic, producing spin, which pushes the electrons in the magnet and creates electricity.The paradox, though, is that when magnets get heated up, they lose most of their magnetic properties, turning them into paramagnets—“almost-but-not-quite magnets,” Heremans calls them. That means that, until this discovery, nobody thought of using paramagnets to harvest heat because scientists thought paramagnets weren’t capable of collecting energy.
What the research team found, though, is that the paramagnons push the electrons only for a billionth of a millionth of a second—long enough to make paramagnets viable energy-harvesters.
The research team—an international group of scientists from Ohio State, North Carolina State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (all are equal authors on this journal article)—started testing paramagnons to see if they could, under the right circumstances, produce the necessary spin.
What they found, Heremans said, is that paramagnons do, in fact, produce the kind of spin that pushes electrons.
And that, he said, could make it possible to collect energy.
Ohio State graduate student Yuanhua Zheng is also an author on this work. The research was conducted in partnership with additional researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory and was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the U.S. Department of Energy.
Contacts and sources: Laura Arenschield Ohio State University
Citation: Paramagnon drag in high thermoelectric figure of merit Li-doped MnTe. Y. Zheng, T. Lu, Md M. H. Polash, M. Rasoulianboroujeni, N. Liu, M. E. Manley, Y. Deng, P. J. Sun, X. L. Chen, R. P. Hermann, D. Vashaee, J. P. Heremans, H. Zhao. Science Advances, 2019; 5 (9): eaat9461 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9461
Source: http://www.ineffableisland.com/2019/09/new-way-to-capture-heat-and-turn-it.html
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Nice to see they have China involved in this research. I’m sure China will be more than happy to steal any valuable research that comes from this.
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tom0mason
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Humm …
“Magnets are a crucial part of collecting energy from heat: When one side of a magnet is heated, the other side—the cold side— gets more magnetic, producing spin, which pushes the electrons in the magnet and creates electricity.”
And there is the rub keeping one side cool.
What working temperature and temperature differential are required?
Is this not like a magnetic version of a Peltier device, using a magnetic version of the Seebeck effect, (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_cooling and the link to Seebeck effect) which are not the easiest of devices to use, and not particularly efficient overall?
Well good luck to them, hopefully something useful and good will come out of this research.
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